Abstract: A photocatalytically active composition is prepared using high energy mixing. The composition comprises coating carrier material particles with photocatalytically active particles. The coating is performed in the presence of a hydraulic medium. The composition is used in preparation of materials or structures for maintaining a clean surface based on self cleaning property of such a structure.

Abstract: A method of continued grinding of cement is disclosed in order to obtain cement with a high specific surface and/or a steep grain size distribution curve. The grinding is performed in a mill with agitated grinding medium from a specific surface of 300-400 m.sup.2 /kg (Blaine) to a specific surface of up to 1,200 m.sup.2 /kg (Blaine) and with a particle size distribution such that about 80% of the particles pass a sieve opening with a size up to about 25 microns, using grinding bodies with an average size within the interval of 2 to 15 mm.

Abstract: The fill according to the invention comprises a mixture of 1-30% by weight cement with 99-70% by weight of various waste material, fly-ash, de-sulphurization product or granulated blast-furnace slag. The mixture can be used dry or mixed with water, and may also be mixed with air to form small bubbles, thereby rendering the mixture frost resistant. The fill can be used to fill different cavities and pits, such as pipe-laying and cable-laying trenches, floor cavities and holes in streets and roads, and for covering mounds of waste, rubbish dumps and for encapsulating harmful waste. When filling pipe-laying and cable-laying trenches, the intermediate layer of sand, and will thereby prevent water from entering into or leaking from the pipes, while at the same time holding the pipes in position and affording a stabilizing effect against ground movement.

Abstract: A transportable mixer consisting of a double bottomed load body 3 for a change-load vehicle has the space between the bottoms divided into longitudinal compartments and the upper bottom consisting of a screen plate. To each compartment 11, 12, 13 via a switching mechanism 20, there is connected a hose 14, 15, 16, 21, 22 to a pump 23. After water is added, the compartments are subjected with the aid of the switching mechanism to alternating pressure and suction, whereby the material loaded into the body is slurried from below and can be pumped out 24, 25 to the desired location. The screen plate retains coarser contaminants, e.g., stones or sticks. The load body can float and be towed on lakes, but can also be made in the form of a boat with a pump, switching mechanism and its own motor for driving and mixing. The body can be used to make use of old deposits of lime sludge for liming of lakes and soil, for industrial use of fly ash and similar waste materials etc.

Abstract: Salt damage to concrete structures as a result of contact with dry salt, sea water or like salt environments can be avoided in the case of new structures and repaired in the case of damaged structures by applying a layer of slag cement concrete to the structures. The ability of slag cement to absorb chlorides and to delay chloride penetration greatly lengthens the time required to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing irons by the chlorides present and to reduce the effect of chlorides in conjunction with frost. The slag cement-concrete also has a leaching effect on chloride-infected structures and in the case, for example, of an old bridge pier having applied thereto a layer of slag cement-concrete the carbonation front is halted and a new front is formed in the protective layer. The chloride profile extending through the pier is also changed as a result of chloride irons diffusing out from the infected concrete and being neutralized in the protective layer.

Abstract: A method of anchoring elements in rock or the like, an expandable portion thereof being embedded in a borehole; and a cartridge containing binder mixture and having a liquid-permeable but binder mixture-impermeable casing and further being surrounded by a rigidifying member. The cartridge is inserted in the borehole after having been immersed in a binder mixture-activating liquid penetrating its casing, thereby providing a substantially uniform mixture. When inserting the element in the borehole, activated binder mixture is pressed out of the cartridge without any spring effect occurring due to the rigidifying member being destroyed.