Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) that are useful for modulating the biological activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1b (PTP1B) enzyme. Compounds of this invention can be used to treat diseases and/or conditions in which the PTP1B enzyme is a factor. Such diseases and/or conditions include, but are not limited to, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL levels, atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, adipose cell tumors, adipose cell carcinoma, liposarcoma, dyslipidemia, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) that are useful for modulating the biological activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1b (PTP1B) enzyme. Compounds of this invention can be used to treat diseases and/or conditions in which the PTP1B enzyme is a factor. Such diseases and/or conditions include, but are not limited to, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL levels, atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, adipose cell tumors, adipose cell carcinoma, liposarcoma, dyslipidemia, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) that are useful for modulating the biological activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1b (PTP1B) enzyme. Compounds of this invention can be used to treat diseases and/or conditions in which the PTP1B enzyme is a factor. Such diseases and/or conditions include, but are not limited to, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL levels, atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, adipose cell tumors, adipose cell carcinoma, liposarcoma, dyslipidemia, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Compositions and methods relating to small interfering RNA (siRNA) polynucleotides are provided as pertains to modulation of biological signal transduction. Shown are siRNA polynucleotides that interfere with expression of members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) class of enzymes that mediate signal transduction, and with certain MAP kinase kinases (MKK). In certain preferred embodiments siRNA modulate signal transduction pathways comprising SHP2, cdc14a/b, cdc25A/B/C, KAP, PTP-?, PRL-3, CD45, dual specificity phosphatase-3 (DSP-3), MKK-4, and/or MKK-7. Modulation of PTP-mediated biological signal transduction has uses in diseases associated with defects in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and/or cell survival, such as metabolic disorders (including diabetes and obesity), cancer, autoimmune disease, infectious and inflammatory disorders and other conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) that are useful for modulating the biological activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1b (PTP1B) enzyme. Compounds of this invention can be used to treat diseases and/or conditions in which the PTP1B enzyme is a factor. Such diseases and/or conditions include, but are not limited to, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL levels, atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, adipose cell tumors, adipose cell carcinoma, liposarcoma, dyslipidemia, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-10, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-10 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-10 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-10, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-10 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-10 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-3, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-3 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-3 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: The invention relates in part to screening assays for identifying agents that alter the interaction between a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and its tyrosine phosphorylated polypeptide substrate, using fluorescence energy signals generated by detectably labeled substrates. Assays are provided in certain embodiments, including high throughput screening assays, wherein candidate agents are screened by fluorescence polarization for their ability to influence (i) binding of substrate trapping mutant PTPs to substrates, or (ii) dephosphorylation of tyrosine phosphorylated substrates by PTPs.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a crystalline form of a human protein tyrosine phosphatase designated cdc14A and more particularly to a crystal of human cdc14A, a method of crystallization thereof, and its structure, obtained by x-ray diffraction. In addition, the disclosure relates to methods of identifying new PTP binding agents and more particularly cdc14 (A or B) substrates and inhibitors.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-3, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-3 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-3 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-10, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-10 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-10 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-11, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-11 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-11 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-10, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-10 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-10 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-3, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-3 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-3 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatases DSP-12 and DSP-13, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-12 and DSP-13 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-12 and/or DSP-13 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-5, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-5 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-5 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatases DSP-12 and DSP-13, and polypeptide variants thereof, that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-12 and DSP-13 substrates are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-12 and/or DSP-13 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-2, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-2 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-2 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment of conditions associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In particular, the dual-specificity phosphatase DSP-4, and polypeptide variants thereof that stimulate dephosphorylation of DSP-4 substrates, are provided. The polypeptides may be used, for example, to identify antibodies and other agents that inhibit DSP-4 activity. The polypeptides and agents may be used to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.