Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of the various embodiments may include for traversing hierarchical level of detail (HLOD) content for rendering on a display of a client computing device. Various embodiments employ structured HLOD data structures for HLOD content, using the uniform dimensional aspects of the structured trees to generate object space representation of the HLOD content and a sampling construct for the HLOD content. The same sampling construct may be applied to an object space representation of the HLOD content for any level of the structured tree. In various embodiments, sampling using the sampling construct for an object space representation of the HLOD content may be based on a camera position relative to the object space representation of the HLOD content. Various embodiments include transforming camera frustrum planes to object space representation of the HLOD content and testing visibility of the HLOD content from the object space representation.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of the various embodiments may provide for extrapolating a breakline for a user in a graphical application, such as an Earthworks rendering application. Various embodiments may enable a breakline to be extrapolated and rendered on a surface from two or more points selected by a user on that surface. In various embodiments, the surface may be any type directional surface, such as a triangle mesh, pointcloud, heightmap, fusions of such surfaces, etc.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of the various embodiments enable generating at least one hierarchical-level-of-detail (LOD) data structure in order to visualize and traverse measurement data associated with a three-dimensional (3D) model. In various embodiments, generating at least one hierarchical LOD data structure may include establishing a background grid comprising a mathematical grid structure defined in a common coordinate system, building a layout comprising an intermediary data structure, computing measurement data for each tile based at least in part on the height data samples, and storing at least a portion of the computed measurement data for each tile in a metadata file.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of various embodiments enable rendering of a time-dynamic (4D) volume dataset. Various embodiments may provide a method for responsive and high quality rendering of time-dynamic hierarchical level-of-detail voxel datasets. Various embodiments may provide a prioritization system that balances visual quality and temporal responsiveness even with slow network or filesystem speeds. Various embodiments may provide a compact and efficient storage format for time-dynamic and mixed-resolution voxel rendering on a graphics processing unit (GPU).

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of the various embodiments may include encoding localized terrain modifications into one or more heightmaps, which are used to modify the vertices of the world-wide terrain map at runtime using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Various embodiments apply displacement to dynamic terrain surfaces, such as time dynamic surfaces, animated surfaces, Hierarchical Level-of-Detail (HLOD) surfaces, and surfaces suitable for interactive user editing, at a global scale.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of various embodiments enable prioritization of requests for hierarchical level of detail (HLOD) content over a communications network. Various embodiment methods may reduce load time of nodes in the HLOD data structure, such as nodes in the HLOD that may be deemed important, compared to the load time achieved in current methods. Various embodiments may provide methods for prioritizing requests for nodes.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of the various embodiments enable for updating a point cloud, such as a two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5D) point cloud. Various embodiments include receiving two point clouds, such as a base point cloud of a terrain area and a new point cloud of the terrain area, and fusing the received two point clouds to generate an up-to-date point cloud, such as an up-to-date point cloud model of the terrain. Various embodiments may be especially useful in generating models of terrain areas, such as construction sites, earthwork projects, shorelines, etc., surveyed by surveying technologies, such as drone-based aerial photogrammetry systems, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems, etc.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of various embodiments enable culling requests for hierarchical level of detail (HLOD) content over a communications network. Various embodiment methods may reduce a number of requests associated with dynamic camera movement, compared to number of requests generated in current methods.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of the various embodiments enable converting massive mesh datasets that may carry a single material to a hierarchical format. Various embodiments may provide processing efficiency and scalability in creating hierarchical format representations of massive mesh datasets and/or in rendering massive mesh datasets.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of the various embodiments enable transferring surface information from one mesh to two-dimensional textures on another mesh. Embodiments may allocate a voxel data structure bounding both a source mesh and a target mesh, wherein the source mesh and the target mesh use different mesh parameterizations of a three-dimensional object. The source mesh may be rasterized in a source texture coordinate space to produce one or more source fragments, each source fragment comprising sampled data from a triangle of the source mesh and a three-dimensional position on the triangle on a surface of the source mesh. For each of the one or more source fragments a voxel may be determined, of the voxel data structure, corresponding to the source fragment's respective three-dimensional position, and the sampled data of the source fragment may be written into the determined voxel of the voxel data structure.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of various embodiments enable subdividing large polygon meshes with diverse materials into a hierarchy of separate components, such as tiles. In various embodiments, the components may in aggregate represent the entire mesh. In the hierarchies of separate components as provided by the various embodiments, the components may be loaded as-needed based on importance, culled due to lack of importance to a given view, and/or replaced with higher or lower detail variants depending on importance to a given view. The ability to load components, such as tiles, on-demand provided by the various embodiments may provide improved rendering performance of a large polygon mesh with diverse materials, especially when the rendering leverages data transmission over a network.

Abstract: A system and method of real-time surface reconstruction upon unstructured point clouds via a series of screen space operations are provided herein. A point occlusion operator, performed in a deferred pass upon a simple point splat, is used to determine point visibility and an ambient occlusion factor to estimate a solid angle of a visibility cone produced by each point in the splat by splitting the screen space local neighborhood of the point into sectors and accumulating the maximum viable sector angle. Points are valid or invalid. A density estimation pass is then used. Maps are used to determine the required number of region growing iterations to cover every invalid pixel. The density is then pruned by edge creep reduction to minimize the error around edges. A median filter is used to fill invalid pixels, while edge-preserving blur is applied to the valid pixels.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and non-transitory media of various embodiments render vector data on static and dynamic surfaces by a computing device for a graphic display or for a separate computing device and/or algorithm to generate an image. Complex vector data associated with a surface for rendering may be rendered. The complex vector data may be decomposed into one or more vector subunits. A geometry corresponding to a volume and a mathematical description of an extrusion of each corresponding vector subunit may be generated. The volume and the mathematical description of the extrusion may intersect a surface level-of-detail of the surface. The geometry may be rasterized as a screen-space decal. Also, a surface depth texture may be compared for the surface against the extrusion using at least the screen-space decal. In addition, geometry batching may be performed for drawing simultaneously a plurality of the one or more vector subunits.