Abstract: An improved process for recovering and purifying .beta.-HIFN from transformed bacterial comprising concentrating the bacteria; disrupting the cell wall and solubilizing the .beta.-HIFN into an aqueous medium with an appropriate solubilizing agent; extracting the .beta.-HIFN from the aqueous medium with 2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol or mixtures thereof; precipitating and isolating the .beta.-HIFN from the alcohol phase; purifying the .beta.-HIFN by chromatography and diafiltering the .beta.-HIFN against distilled water or aqueous solutions of ethanol or glycerol at a pH of about 12; and therapeutic formulations and compositions of .beta.-HIFN within SDS levels therein reduced to less than 10 p.p.m.

Abstract: A process for recovering IFN-.beta. from transformed bacteria comprising: disrupting the cell membranes of the bacteria; solubilizing the IFN-.beta. from the disruptate into an aqueous medium with a solubilizing agent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate; extracting the IFN-.beta. from the aqueous medium with 2-butanol, 2-methyl-butanol, or mixtures thereof under conditions that maintain phase separation between the aqueous meduim and the extractant; and isolating the IFN-.beta. from the extractant such as by precipitating the IFN-.beta. from an aqeous buffer mixture of the extractant by lowering the pH thereof.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of vicinal dihalogenated products from alkenes and alkynes by enzymatic reaction. The respective alkene or alkyne is contacted with a reaction mixture consisting of halogenating enzyme, an oxidizing agent and a halide ion source.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of D-glucosone from glucose. An aqueous solution of glucose is converted substantially completely to D-glucosone by an enzymatic oxidation while removing or utilizing co-produced hydrogen peroxide. D-glucosone is a useful intermediate product which may then be converted to a desired end product.

Abstract: A process is described which is useful as a co-process in combination with a process which employs hydrogen peroxide. The process of the invention provides a source of hydrogen peroxide along with a useful co-product, that co-product being 2-keto-D-gluconic acid or products derived therefrom. One of the first and second carbons of D-glucose is oxidized enzymatically to produce hydrogen peroxide and an intermediate product. The other of the first and second carbons of the intermediate product is then oxidized enzymatically to produce hydrogen peroxide and 2-keto-D-gluconic acid. In one form of the invention, the intermediate product is D-glucosone; the final product is 2-keto-D-gluconic acid. In the other form of the invention, the intermediate product is D-glucono-.delta.-lactone; the final product is a mixture of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid and D-isoascorbic acid.

Abstract: A method for altering a single nucleotide at a predetermined position in a gene. The method involves the isolation of a single strand gene fragment extending up to the position before the nucleotide to be altered. A ribonucleotide or a protected deoxyribonucleotide corresponding to the desired altered nucleotide is attached at the end of this fragment. The fragment is then annealed to a complementary template which extends beyond the end of the fragment. The fragment is then extended complementary to the remainder of the template. The resulting partially mismatched double-stranded DNA is used to produce a pure DNA gene containing an altered deoxyribonucleotide at the single desired position.

Abstract: A method and a DNA linker are described for synthesizing relatively long double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid sequences of defined composition. Short complementary single strand segments of oligonucleotides comprising part of the full sequence desired are synthesized using known procedures. Overlapping single strand segments are annealed forming double-stranded fragments which are inserted in cloning vectors and cloned in an appropriate host, both purifying the DNA fragments and amplifying the amount thereof. An adjacent fragment is then similarly synthesized in quantity and such fragments are inserted adjacent to the first synthetic introduced fragments in the cloning vectors, followed by cloning in an appropriate host. The procedure continues until the entire desired sequence has been formed, at which time it may be excised or cloned directly in the vectors upon which it was made.

Abstract: Epoxides or glycols are produced by passing a gaseous olefin through a reaction mixture containing a halogenating enzyme, an oxidizing agent and a halide ion source whereby the olefin is converted to a halohydrin. The halohydrin is converted to an epoxide which may be converted by hydration to a glycol. Conversion of the halohydrin to an epoxide may be carried out enzymatically.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of iodine. More particularly, the invention relates to the enzymatic oxidation of iodide to iodine and the recovery of said formed iodine.

Abstract: Method for preparing interferon, mRNA for interferon, and competent recombinant DNA containing dsDNA and cDNA from mRNA coding for mammalian interferon. The method employs crossing a mutant mammalian cell which is semiconstitutive for interferon with a cell derived from the same or different mammal having wild type gene(s) for interferon and for the regulation of interferon synthesis and desirably having phenotypic properties allowing for selection of the hybrid cells. The desired hybrid clones are then induced to produce IF mRNA, wherein the amounts of mRNA for interferon are greatly enhanced over the amounts normally obtained from wild type cell strains. The mRNA is employed to produce cDNA which codes for the mammalian interferon. The single stranded cDNA is employed as a template to prepare dsDNA which is then combined with a replicon recognized by a microorganism host to provide a recombinant DNA.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of epoxides or glycols from olefins. An olefin is contacted with a reaction mixture of a halogenating enzyme, an oxydizing agent and a halide ion source, for a sufficient period to convert the olefin to a halohydrin. The halohydrin is then converted to an epoxide or glycol.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of fructose from glucose. An aqueous solution of glucose is converted to D-glucosone by an enzymatic process. D-glucosone is then converted to substantially pure fructose by chemical hydrogenation. Fructose may be recovered in crystalline form.

Abstract: A method is described for cloning filamentous microorganisms wherein the microorganisms are suspended in a liquid media and fragmented to produce a substantial increase in the number of viable filaments which are less than a predetermined size. Those filaments which are less than the predetermined size are then separated from the balance of the suspension of filaments by filtering.