Abstract: A sheet piling (15) comprising a flange (16), a web (19), a junction (20) between the flange and the web, the junction having a substantially concave inner surface (44), the inner surface comprising at least a first concave surface of first radius (23a) and a second concave surface of second radius (23b). The inner surface may further comprise a third concave surface of third radius (23c).

Abstract: A sheet piling (15) comprising a first flange (16), a second flange (18), a web (19), a junction (20) between the first flange and the web, the junction having a substantially concave inner surface (44), the inner surface comprising at least a first concave surface of first radius (23a) and a second concave surface of second radius (23b). The inner surface may further comprise a third concave surface of third radius (23c).

Abstract: An improved Z-shaped sheet piling (15) comprising a first flange (16), a second flange (18), a web (19), a junction (20) between the first flange and the web, the junction having an inner surface (44), the inner surface defined by at least a first radius (23a) and a second radius (23b). The inner surface may be further defined by a third radius (23c). The sheet piling may comprise a first flange (16) having a substantially planar flange surface (37), a second flange (18), a web (19) having a substantially planar web surface (39), a junction (20) between the first flange and the web, the junction having a fillet portion (43) defined by the planes of the web surface and flange surface extended to an intersection (59) and an inner substantially arcuate surface (44) intersecting the web surface and flange surface, the inner arcuate surface defined by at least a first radius (23a) and a second radius (23b). The inner arcuate surface may be further defined by a third radius (23c).

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved Z-shaped sheet piling (15). In the preferred embodiment, the piling has a first flange (16), a web (19), a second flange (18), a section modulus of at least about 25 in.3/ft., a weight of less than about 31 lbs./ft.2, the second flange having a wale location (68), and the web, first flange and second flange being so dimensioned and configured that the transverse stress at the wale location for each psi of applied pressure load is less than about 1000 psi. The present invention also discloses a Z-shaped sheet piling in which the first flange has a span location (65) and the first flange, web, and second flange are so dimensioned and configured that the transverse stress at the span location for each psi of applied load is less than about 800 psi. The transverse stress at the wale location may be about 878 psi per psi of applied load and the transverse stress at the span location may be about 731 psi per psi of applied load or about 786 psi per psi of applied load.

Abstract: A method of casting and rolling and a roll stand arrangement for rolling finished sections (sheet piling sections) from a preliminary section which arrives from a continuous casting machine and has approximate final dimensions. The method utilizes roll stand arrangements which operate in a rolling line in a reversing operation. A roughing rolling group has in a first rolling line a runout roller table and a transverse transport device following the runout roller table and in a second rolling line a parallel run-in roller table for a compact tandem stand group. A horizontal stand of the roughing rolling group and/or an intermediate edging stand of the compact tandem stand group each have two selectable grooves, wherein a universal stand on the exit side of the compact tandem group has one or more two-high horizontal stands with grooved rolls.

Abstract: Apparatus for preheating self-reducing pellets for direct use in ironmaking or steelmaking in which a preheat chamber contains the pellets and is primarily externally heated using waste exhaust gases and secondarily heated directly by using an internal preheat burner. The preheat chamber gases are vented into the external heating chamber where any CO present is post-combusted to produce CO.sub.2 with the energy from the post-combustion used to contribute to external heating of the preheat chamber.

Abstract: A continuous process and system for making flat rolled steel or ferrous metal strip having a minimum thickness sufficient to allow substantially direct product manufacture therefrom, wherein a Platzer planetary mill continuously receives an as-continuously cast endless slab of steel or ferrous metal and effects a first reduction in thickness from the as-continuously cast thickness of the slab, a plurality of millstands sequentially receive the continuous strip from the Platzer planetary mill to effect a second reduction in thickness of at least about 50% of the first reduced thickness to provide a continuous strip having an average thickness of less than about 1.8 mm, and electric induction reheaters are placed between each adjacent pair of millstands to maintain the continuous strip at a working temperature sufficient to effect the second reduction in thickness.

Abstract: A precipitation-hardenable martensitic low alloy steel for use in producing forgings having an improved combination of strength and toughness. The steel may be quenched directly from forging temperature. The composition of the steel consists essentially of, in weight percent, less than 0.20 carbon, 1.0 to 2.5 manganese, 0.10 to 1.5 silicon, 0.01 to less than 1.0 of at least one carbide, nitride or carbonitride forming element which may be niobium, titanium, vandium aluminum, zirconium or tantalum, less than 0.05 nitrogen, 0.01 to less than 2.0 of at least one of molybdenum, nickel and chromium and the balance iron. The steel upon quenching directly from forging temperature has a yield strength of 90,000 to 165,000 psi, a tensile strength of 120,000 to 210,000 psi, impact energy greater than 15 foot pounds at -22.degree. F. and a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature between minus 40.degree. F. and -25.degree. F.

Abstract: A mold for use in the horizontal continuous casting of molten material has an integral break ring. The break ring is produced by thermal spraying refractory material onto the surface of the mold to bond the refractory material and solidify it to integrally form the break ring.