Abstract: A separator for separating a first fluid from a second fluid through rotation about an axis of rotation, the first fluid having a density less than the density of the second fluid. In one embodiment, the separator includes a separation chamber mounted for rotation about the axis of rotation. A first weir is positioned in fluid communication with the separation chamber. A second weir is positioned over which the second fluid may pass to exit the separation chamber through a collection chamber. A fluid pressure chamber is positioned radially outwardly from the crest of the second weir to receive the second fluid as it passes over the second weir. The fluid pressure chamber is partially defined by an exit weir over which the second fluid may pass.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for centrifugally separating a mixture of liquids comprises a central inlet shaft, a surrounding rotor, and a housing shell. The mixture is injected into the rotor through the inlet shaft and the rotor separates the mixture in a radially sloped separation space containing a first weir, discharges the lighter liquid into the housing through a channel through the weir and wall of the separation chamber, and discharges the heavier liquid into the housing over a second weir. The inlet shaft may be built up to provide for efficient shear mixing and a sieve may be provided in the separation chamber. A two-stage separator may be constructed by providing a second separation chamber radially outward of the first after mixing of a separated liquid with a solvent and providing suitable discharge ports.

Abstract: A separator for separating a first fluid from a second fluid through rotation about an axis of rotation, the first fluid having a density less than the density of the second fluid. In one embodiment, the separator includes a separation chamber mounted for rotation about the axis of rotation. A first weir is positioned in fluid communication with the separation chamber. A second weir is positioned over which the second fluid may pass to exit the separation chamber through a collection chamber. A fluid pressure chamber is positioned radially outwardly from the crest of the second weir to receive the second fluid as it passes over the second weir. The fluid pressure chamber is partially defined by an exit weir over which the second fluid may pass.

Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal spark plug includes a body similar to a conventional spark plug, a central electrode extending from the bottom end of the body, and a ground electrode disposed near but spaced from one end of the central electrode and connected to the body. A piezoelectric crystal is included within the body and one side of the crystal is electrically coupled to the other end of the central electrode. A deforming device is also included within the body to deform the crystal and cause it to produce and apply an electrical signal to the central electrode. This electrical signal produces a spark between the central and ground electrode similar to a conventional spark plug.