Abstract: A reactor for supercritical water oxidation comprises an essentially vertical reactor section (11) and an essentially non-vertical reactor section (12), wherein the vertical reactor section has a cross-sectional area which is substantially larger than the cross-sectional area of the non-vertical reactor section. The vertical reactor section has an inlet (14) in an upper portion thereof for receiving (17) a flow containing organic material and water, and an outlet (16) in a lower portion thereof for outputting (20) the flow. Both the vertical and the non-vertical reactor sections are configured to oxidize organic material in the flow through supercritical water oxidation.

Abstract: A supercritical oxidation process carried out in water is capable of oxidizing “organics” in precious metal organic compositions such as heterogeneous (Pt/C) or homogeneous precious metal catalysts and producing a precious metal oxide with few by-products and low losses of precious metal.

Abstract: In a high pressure and high temperature reaction system suitable for oxidative waste treatment, particularly a reaction system for supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), a method is disclosed for injecting a first fluid of a first temperature at a first flow rate into a second fluid of a second temperature at a second flow rate, mixing the first and the second fluids within a mixing length (115, 215), and wherein the first and second temperatures and the first and second flow rates are selected such that a temperature of the mixed fluids downstream of said mixing length (115, 215) is obtained, at which said first fluid being substantially non-corrosive.

Abstract: A method for avoiding the precipitation of salts from a salt containing water stream prior to the stream reaching a supercritical water reactor is presented. The salt containing water stream is preferably kept at temperatures below supercritical conditions as the stream is transferred to the reactor. After the salt stream reaches the reactor the temperature of the salt stream is preferably raised to the appropriate temperature by mixing the salt stream, within the reactor, with a second stream that has been heated above the supercritical temperature of water. Alternatively, a method for preventing the clogging of the conduits upstream from the reactor may involve the mixing of two subcritical waste streams. One stream may include salts, the other preferably includes oxidizable material.

Abstract: Contaminated adsorbent particles, preferably activated carbon particles, are regenerated in water at supercritical conditions. The particles are preferably mixed in water prior to treatment. The mixture is preferably heated to a temperature at least about 900.degree. F. (482.degree. C.) and pressurized to a pressure sufficient to achieve supercritical conditions for water. The mixture is preferably flowed through a first reactor for a time sufficient to substantially remove the organic contaminants from the particles. The particles are separated from the water and the mixture of water and organic contaminants may be transferred to a second reactor. Within the second reactor the organic contaminants are preferably substantially oxidized by supercritical water oxidation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for heating, reacting, and/or treating a stream containing oxidizable matter. Recycle reactor is used alone or in conjunction with plug-flow reactor. Density differences in the recycle reactor facilitate flow within the recycle reactor without substantial external heat exchange.

Abstract: Systems and methods for heating, reacting, and/or treating a stream containing oxidizable matter. Recycle reactor is used alone or in conjunction with plug-flow reactor. Density differences in the recycle reactor facilitate flow within the recycle reactor without substantial external heat exchange.

Abstract: A method of phosgenation while using carbonyl chloride produced from chlorine and contaminated carbon monoxide. The obtained contaminated carbonyl chloride is purified prior to being delivered to the phosgenation process. The carbonyl chloride is purified by absorption in a solvent and the obtained carbonyl chloride solution is used for the phosgenation reaction. The carbonyl chloride is conveniently purified in an absorption column which is also used to recover carbonyl chloride from waste gases deriving from the phosgenation process, wherein the solution of fresh and recovered carbonyl chloride is delivered commonly to the phosgenation process.