Abstract: A polarographic catheter-shaped probe for determining analytical data of logical fluids of human beings, of animals, or of plants, and having a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte connecting the two, which are surrounded by a flexible sheath sealed in the tip region of the cathode by an ion-impermeable but gas-permeable membrane, wherein the anode is arranged at the distal end of the catheter shaft away from the cathode tip, the electrolyte extends from the anode to the tip of the cathode within the probe, and the anode and cathode are connected to a terminal jack for measuring instruments located at the end of the probe facing the anode. The jack optionally contains a supply chamber for the electrolyte, which is connected in a liquid-tight manner to the one end of the catheter shaft.

Abstract: A separator shaped like a plate, for an ultracentrifuge, comprises centrally arranged inlet and outlet nipples (5, 6, 7, 8) opening axially outwardly. A ring channel (11) is arranged near the circumference of the plate (1) and extends along or near substantially the entire circumference. One end, the inlet end, of the ring channel is connected through a respective radially extending duct (10) to the inlet nipple (5). The other end of the ring channel (11) opens into at least one separation zone (17) which is widened relative to the ducts. The separation zone (17) is connected through approximately radially further ducts (12, 14, 15) to the outlet nipples (6, 7, 8). Peeling edges (18, 20, 21) project into the separation zone (17) and form a radially outwardly located boundary of the inflow areas of the connecting ducts (12, 14, 15). These ducts (12, 14, 15) merge into the separation zone (17) behind the peeling edges at different radial spacings in the rotational direction (9).

Abstract: Apparatus for removing fluid from and supplying fluid to the human body in substantially equal quantities includes a double tube pump (1), a measuring chamber (2), and a supply container (4), the pump being arranged to deliver fluid from the supply container to the body by a line (13) while removing fluid at an equal rate from the measuring chamber, which receives fluid from the body by a line (1). The measuring chamber is provided with sensing means (8,9) which supply signals in response to variations in the level of fluid in the measuring chamber to a controller (7) which controls the pump motor speed. For use in diuresis and haemofiltration, an additional single pump (14) in a discharge line (16) from the measuring chamber is controllable by a device (18) to remove excess fluid from the measuring chamber. The double pump is the same as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,575.

Abstract: A dialyzer is formed by first placing a film strip into a membrane hose and then simultaneously folding the hose and a netting intermediate layer so that the folds of the hose and the folds of the netting extend crosswise relative to each other in a mutually interlocking manner. The facing ends of the hose layers are then sealed with a curable sealing compound and severed. Then the film strips are withdrawn from the hoses in the so formed package. The resulting product is a dialyzer or hemofilter, depending on the type of membrane hose used, in which the facing ends of the membrane hoses are open for the passage of blood therethrough, after the withdrawal of the film, and in which the netting layers are located between adjacent hoses.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the ultra-filtration in connection with a hemodialysis treatment comprises a plurality of storage containers for the dialysis liquid. These containers are connected in parallel to each other and to the circulatory system of the dialysis liquid by groups of valves which are controlled by an automatic timer mechanism in such a manner that these containers are operatively connected to the circulatory system in a timed sequence. The groups of valves are operatively connected to the inlet and outlet ports of these containers. In addition to the main pump for circulating the dialysis liquid, there is a branching pump for withdrawing a dialysis liquid proportion from the system and a pump for filling the containers with a fresh dialysis liquid.

Abstract: A blood detoxification apparatus comprises a housing filled with a plurality of substantially spherical reaction bodies. Each reaction body comprises an embedding material and active ingredient particles such as adsorbents and/or enzymes embedded in the embedding material which is blood compatible but nonpermeable for corpuscular blood components. The active ingredients may have a dust or powder or granular consistency but are substantially smaller in diameter than the reaction bodies which may be distributed in layers in said housing whereby the active ingredients in different layers may be different.

Abstract: The present blood exchange apparatus comprises a plurality of main layers acked to form a package. Each main layer includes a membrane envelope enclosing an intermediate netting layer. Spacers space the main layers so that blood may flow between adjacent main layers and an exchange liquid may flow within the intermediate netting layers. The facing ends of a package are embedded in a pourable sealing compound in such a manner that the spaces between adjacent membrane envelopes are open. After securing the spacers to each facing end of the main layers, the spacers and thus the layers are connected and then dipped into a curable sealing compound. The spacers have corner extensions which extend out of the sealing compound. Holes in the corner extensions expose the intermediate netting layers.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring electrode has an ion-selective membrane and direct potential take off via an electron conductor. A diffusion barrier layer is provided between the membrane and the electron conductor for the purpose of reducing or eliminating the sensitivity to faults which can be caused by the presence of gases in a medium which is to be analyzed and into which the sensor is introduced. The diffusion barrier preferably comprises an ion-conducting solid-state body having a high diffusion resistance to oxygen.

Abstract: Apparatus for rinsing body cavities includes a double tube pump (1) for simultaneously pumping fluid into a storage vessel (4) for subsequent feed through a catheter (K) and pumping discharged fluid from a measuring vessel (9) at the same rate, so that surplus fluid with the discharge can be measured. The measuring vessel has sensors (11,12) which switch on and switch off the pump when fluid in the measuring vessel falls or rises to predetermined levels. An additional pump (13) may be provided for the surplus fluid extraction. The double tube pump comprises a pair of parallel identical tubes (24a, 24b) with joined end connections (34,35) in a stator (21) which are squeezed by common rollers (32) mounted in a rotor (27).(FIG.

Abstract: The present electronic indicator or display device is equipped with adjustable upper and/or lower limit value markers to provide a respective alarm if such limit values are exceeded or not reached. The display itself comprises an electronic circuit and optical display elements such as light emitting diodes connected to the display circuit. An input to the display circuit is adapted to receive rated or limit value input signals which are displayed as respective markers and the position of which is adjustable. A time multiplexing circuit controls the timed sequence of the signals supplied to the display elements. A comparator compares the measured signal value with the rated value or values and monitors the proper function of the system.

Abstract: A haemofiltration apparatus includes a combined blood pump (1a) and filtrate pump (1b). The pressure on the inlet side of the filtrate pump may be adjusted by a cone valve (14) mounted on a diaphragm (12) which opens to admit air when the inlet pressure falls below a predetermined value which is set by a valve spring (16) provided with an adjustment screw (15). The other side of the diaphragm may be connected to the atmosphere or to an air trap (6) in the blood pump circuit.

Abstract: An ion-sensitive sensor has an electron-conducting electrode and a membrane for determining the selectivity which is arranged to come into contact with a medium to be analyzed. The membrane is applied to an ion-conducting layer of glass which is in connection with the electron-conducting electrode via an ion-conductor. The membrane preferably comprises at least one organic polymer, such as PVC, having ion-active components, such as organic carrier molecules, selective ligands or ion exchangers, embedded therein. The layer of glass may also have ion-selective properties.

Abstract: In peritoneal dialysis apparatus, flushing liquid is pumped into a supply vessel (4) which is then emptied into the body cavity through a valve (5) and a catheter (6). The supply vessel is then refilled while the cavity is drained back through the catheter into a receptacle (11) of the same weight and dimensions as the supply vessel. The supply vessel and receptacle are suspended at opposite ends of a balance beam (12) and when they are in balance after the receptacle has been filled, a valve (8) isolates the receptacle from the catheter and surplus fluid from the cavity is collected in a measuring vessel (15) through a valve (9), the receptacle being emptied through a valve (10).

Abstract: There is provided a novel type of ion selective membrane comprising a non-ion selective carrier, and an ion selective active phase molecule having a hydrophilic segment and a lipophilic periphery. In the preferred embodiment said molecule is a siloxane molecule whose Si-O-Groups are open chain, branch chain or cyclically oriented. These ion selective membranes are useful in the selective detection of alkali- and alkaline-earth metals. There is further provided an electrode for use with such a membrane.

Abstract: The present blood flow monitoring and control apparatus is especially use in connection with the so-called single needle technique, for example, for treatments such as dialysis, perfusion, or diafiltration. The blood pressure control is accomplished by a measuring chamber including a pressure equalizing device operatively connected between the blood cleaning apparatus and the blood pump. Sensors are operatively connected to the volume measuring chamber. The volume sensors provide electric control input signals to a control circuit which in turn controls the blood pumps and/or valves. A reading may be provided on a display or an alarm may be given when the blood pressure or blood quantity or volume is not within predetermined limits as calculated by an electronic computer.

Abstract: An ion sensitive electrode comprises a small disc of ion selective polymer or contact with a measuring liquid, the ion selective polymer disc being in contact with a wire of low drift potential relative to the ion selective polymer disc. The invention also includes an electro mechanical measuring arrangement in which the ion sensitive electrode may be used and also a reference electrode suitable for use therewith.

Abstract: The electrical sensor of the present invention for electrochemical analysis comprises a sheath and at one end thereof a semi-permeable membrane which is impermeable for macromolecular materials and bacteria, and further is comprising a measuring probe insertible to said sheath.The sheath is constructed in the form of a pericatheter and the measuring probe comprises a completely self-contained sensor, capable of operating independently of the said sheath, the membrane of said sensor being in direct contact with the membrane of said pericatheter.

Abstract: A hollow fiber dialyser comprises a webbing of hollow fibers. A loose warp hread at each end of a webbing wound on a core, acts as a wick barrier to prevent sealant from leaking into the interstices between the hollow fibers. A tight warp thread nearest the open ends of the fibers pinches off the free inner cross section of each hollow fiber to prevent sealant from penetrating into the hollow fibers.

Abstract: The present mass transfer apparatus between two media is especially adapted to blood dialysis. To assure an undisturbed flow of the blood through the dialyser and to avoid coagulation all flow channels are shaped to avoid dead corners and choking zones so that the blood is prevented from forming wakes or so-called "dead waters" in its flow path. For this purpose a hollow space is formed adjacent to the open ends of the hollow fibers. The inlet and/or outlet to this hollow space may extend radially axially or tangentially.

Abstract: A dialyzer with a housing includes a pair of inflow and outflow pipes for blood and dialysis solution, and a tubular ring body formed from a plurality of hollow filaments joined to one another at their ends and positioned in the housing such that one pair of the pipes is in communicating relationship with open ends of the hollow filaments and the other pair of the pipes communicates with the interstices between adjacent filament forming said tubular ring body. The invention also provides a dialyzer cartridge and a method of manufacturing such cartridge.