Abstract: A method of thawing, heating, cooking and/or baking a foodstuff material, in particular a dough-based product, a pasta, a frozen dough, a panada, a minced meat pasta or a vegetable pasta, in a microwave field. The foodstuff material contains an added microwave absorber in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0% by weight with respect to the total weight of the foodstuff material. The microwave absorber is selected from orthophosphates (PO4)3?, hydrogen phosphates (HPO4)2?, dihydrogen phosphates (H2PO4)?, diphosphates (P2O7)4? (pyrophosphates), metaphosphates [(PO3)22]n, tripolyphosphates (P3O10)5? or more highly condensed phosphates with an average chain length of 3 to 50, carbonates, hydroxides, citrates and gluconates of the metals calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) with the proviso that the water solubility of the microwave absorber at 20° C. is less than or equal to 50 g/L water and the microwave absorber has a pore volume of more than 3.0×10?3 cm3/g and less than 200×10?3 cm3/g.

Abstract: A crystalline, amorphous or mixed crystalline and amorphous phosphate compound of the type (M1aM2bM3cM4d)3(PO4)2.xH2O with 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, 0<d<1, a+b+c+d=1 and 0<x<8, wherein M1, M2 and M3 are metals selected from Mn, Fe, Co or Ni, and M4 is one or more metals selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zr or La and process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A mixed-metallic phosphate compound is disclosed, which contains as the main metal copper in the divalent oxidation state in a proportion of at least 90.0 at-% and one or more doping metals in a total proportion of the doping metals of at least 0.01 to at most 10.0 at-%, wherein the doping metals are selected from the group consisting of the elements of the first and second main groups and the eighth subgroup of the elements of the periodic table, Al, Sn, Si, Bi, Cr, Mo, Mn, and the lanthanides. The stated metal proportions relate to the total amount of the metals in the mixed-metallic phosphate compound. The mixed-metallic compound has a phosphate content expressed as P2O5 in the range of 10 to 60 wt-%. Also disclosed is a method for producing the mixed-metallic phosphate compound and the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention has as subject matter a method for producing a polyurethane cast resin, wherein the production comprises the steps of mixing at least one thiol component with at least one isocyanate component, degassing of the mixture and hardening of the polyurethane polymer in a one-stage process. Cast resins for electronic or optoelectronic components of for the production of optical lenses are obtained by the method of the invention that have good mechanical properties and very good optical properties at the same time by a suitable combination of polythiols as hardening component with commercially available isocyanates. The addition of special isocyanates is also not very necessary, as is the case for carrying out the method in several stages. The method in accordance with the invention results in an economical, one-stage process in the properties of the cast resin that are necessary for the application range.

Abstract: A coating system for coating inorganic substrates with a wide range of functional materials without having to use the usually necessary high temperatures includes an aqueous solution as component K1, which aqueous solution contains at least Al(H2PO4)3 and Al(NaHPO4)3 in the following fractions on an oxide basis and in mass percent with respect to the total mass of the solution: P2O5=25.0 to 37.0, Al2O3=5.8 to 9.0, Na2O=0.1 to 2.0, and H2O=54.0 to 66.0, and which includes an additional component K2 having the constituents magnesium oxide, silicate, and borate, which are contained in K2 in the following fractions on an oxide basis and in mass percent with respect to the total mass of component K2: MgO=70.0 to 95.0, SiO2=1.0 to 19.0, and B2O3=1.0 to 3.0, wherein there is a reactivity of the magnesium oxide of 40 to 400 seconds in the citric acid test and the loss on ignition of component K2 is 0 to 3.0.

Abstract: A tobacco substitute, in particular for use in a waterpipe (shisha), tobacco pipe or electronic cigarette, including a liquid fluid and a carrier material for the fluid is disclosed. To provide a tobacco substitute which forms a denser vapor or denser aerosol in comparison with known tobacco substitute systems, the carrier material of the tobacco substitute includes apatite.

Abstract: A process for producing a phosphate by: introducing oxidic metal(II)-, metal(III)- metal(IV) or compounds with mixed oxide stages selected from hydroxides, oxides, oxide-hydroxides, oxide-hydrates, carbonates and hydroxide carbonates, of at least one of the metals Mn, Fe, Co and Ni with the elemental forms or alloys of at least one of the metals Mn, Fe, Co and/or Ni into an aqueous medium containing phosphoric acid, and reacting the oxidic metal compounds with elemental forms or alloys of the metals to obtain divalent metal ions, removing solid substances, producing an alkali metal phosphate receiver solution with a pH-value of 5 to 8 and metering the aqueous solution into the receiver solution and at the same time metering a basic aqueous alkali hydroxide solution that the pH-value of the resulting reaction mixture is kept in the region of 5 to 8 to precipitate the desired phosphate.

Abstract: A method for producing an iron(III)orthophosphate-carbon composite which contains iron(III)orthophosphate of the general formula FePO4×nH2O (n?2.5), a carbon source being dispersed in a phosphoric aqueous Fe2+ ion-containing solution and orthophosphate-carbon composite being precipitated and removed from the aqueous solution when an oxidant is added to the dispersion.

Abstract: A duromer, a method for producing the duromer, a use of the duromer as well as a flame retardant containing the duromer and plastics compositions thereof are disclosed. A phosphorous-containing polymer which is based on multi-functional esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids is three-dimensionally cross-linked and forms the claimed duromer as described. The duromer is suitable as a flame retardant and suitable for use in flame retardants for plastics.

Abstract: A composition for protection from scale and as a lubricant for the hot processing of metals is disclosed. The composition includes a mixture of fine-powder materials containing at least the following constituents: (a) 0 to 15% by weight of secondary or tertiary calcium phosphate compound, hydroxyapatite or a mixture thereof, (b) 0.1 to 35% by weight of fatty acid, fatty acid salt or a mixture thereof, (c) 1 to 90% by weight of ground borosilicate glass which in relation to the borosilicate glass contains Na, B, Si and Al in the following proportions by weight expressed by their respective oxides: 1 to 30% by weight of Na2O, 2 to 70% by weight of B2O3, 10 to 70% by weight of SiO2, and 0 to 10% by weight of Al2O3, (d) 9 to 85% by weight of condensed alkali metal phosphates, (e) boric acid, boric acid salt or a mixture thereof in an amount corresponding to a boron content, expressed by the oxide, of 0 to 3.2% by weight of B2O3, and (f) 0 to 10% by weight of graphite.

Abstract: A nutrient composition for biological systems, such as humans, animals, plants or microorganisms includes at least one monometallic or mixed-metallic phosphate of the (M1 M2 M3 . . . Mx)3(PO4)2.aH2O type where 0?a?9, where (M1, M2, M3 . . . Mx) represent the one metal of the monometallic phosphate or the two or more metals of the mixed-metallic phosphate and are selected from Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and B, with the proviso that at least one of the metals in the phosphate is selected from Mn, Fe, Co and Ni.

Abstract: A manganese(Mn)-bearing monometal phosphate of the type Mn3(PO4)2.3H2O or mixed-metal phosphate of the type (Mnx, Mety)3(PO4)2.3H2O, wherein x+y=1 and Met represents one or more metals selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zr, Hf, Re, Ru, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, characterized in that in the X-ray powder diffraction diagram the phosphate has peaks at 10.96±0.05, 12.78±0.17, 14.96±0.13, 17.34±0.15, 18.98±0.18, 21.75±0.21, 22.07±0.11, 22.97±0.10, 25.93±0.25, 26.95±0.30, 27.56±0.10, 29.19±0.12, 29.84±0.21, 30.27±0.12, 34.86±0.21, 35.00±0.20, 35.33±0.30, 35.58±0.10, 35.73±0.12, 42.79±0.45, 43.37±0.45, 44.70±0.15 and 44.93±0.20 degrees two-theta, based on CuK?-radiation.

Abstract: The invention has as subject matter a method for producing a polyurethane cast resin, wherein the production comprises the steps of mixing at least one thiol component with at least one isocyanate component, degassing of the mixture and hardening of the polyurethane polymer in a one-stage process. Cast resins for electronic or optoelectronic components of for the production of optical lenses are obtained by the method of the invention that have good mechanical properties and very good optical properties at the same time by a suitable combination of polythiols as hardening component with commercially available isocyanates. The addition of special isocyanates is also not very necessary, as is the case for carrying out the method in several stages. The method in accordance with the invention results in an economical, one-stage process in the properties of the cast resin that are necessary for the application range.

Abstract: A method of thawing, heating, cooking and/or baking a foodstuff material, in particular a dough-based product, a pasta, a frozen dough, a panada, a minced meat pasta or a vegetable pasta, in a microwave field. The foodstuff material contains an added microwave absorber in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0% by weight with respect to the total weight of the foodstuff material. The microwave absorber is selected from orthophosphates (PO4)3?, hydrogen phosphates (HPO4)2?, dihydrogen phosphates (H2PO4)?, diphosphates (P2O7)4? (pyrophosphates), metaphosphates [(PO3)22?]n, tripolyphosphates (P3O10)5? or more highly condensed phosphates with an average chain length of 3 to 50, carbonates, hydroxides, citrates and gluconates of the metals calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) with the proviso that the water solubility of the microwave absorber at 20° C. is less than or equal to 50 g/L water and the microwave absorber has a pore volume of more than 3.0×10?3 cm3/g and less than 200×10?3 cm3/g.

Abstract: A product which contains acid magnesium pyrophosphate (magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate) and at least magnesium orthophosphate, producible by removal of water from an aqueous solution or suspension of a magnesium phosphate compound which has a molar ratio of Mg:P of 0.4-0.6:I, wherein the product has a loss on ignition of 7.5 to 13.5% and its method of preparation and its use in a leavening agent for bakery products.

Abstract: A composition which includes a plastic matrix, an acid-activatable metal component selected from aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), tin (Sn), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn); and at least one acid carrier which in the RoO test has a rate of oxidation (RoO=rate of oxidation) of less than 1000 ppm of iron with a reaction time of 60 min.

Abstract: A process for recovering reusable materials, in particular phosphate, from sewage sludge products, namely sewage sludge, sewage sludge ash or sewage sludge slag, by extraction, in which a suspension of the sewage sludge product is produced in water, alcohol, water-alcohol mixture or an aqueous solution, gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) or supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is introduced as an extraction agent into the suspension of the sewage sludge product, undissolved solids are separated from the liquid suspension agent, carbon dioxide is removed from the suspension agent, and reusable materials dissolved in the suspension agent are precipitated and separated from the suspension agent.

Abstract: Halogen-free flame retardant for incorporation into a polymer matrix, wherein the flame retardant contains at least ammonium polyphosphate(s) and/or derivatives thereof and an oligomeric or polymeric 1,3,5-triazine derivative or mixtures of several thereof and at least one compound selected from monozinc phosphate, zinc borate, trizinc phosphate, zinc pyrophosphate, zinc polyphosphate, zinc hydroxystannate, zinc stannate, boron phosphate, monoaluminium phosphate, trialuminium phosphate, aluminium metaphosphate and mixtures thereof, precondensed melamine derivatives, melamine salts and adducts, ethylenediamine phosphate, piperazine phosphate, piperazine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-trihydroxyethyl isocyanurate, 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate.

Abstract: A high-temperature lubricant for the hot processing of metals comprising a mixture of fine-powder materials. To provide a high-temperature lubricant having good trickle and flow characteristics for dissolving scale on heated metal surfaces, which applied in powder form permits good coverage of the metal surface and which even after prolonged storage under production conditions still has good trickle and flow characteristics without severe lump formation and which avoids the use of graphite, in accordance with the invention it is proposed that the mixture includes at least the following constituents (a) a secondary and/or tertiary calcium phosphate compound, (b) a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt, (c) boric acid, a boric acid salt (borate) and/or a mineral containing boric acid salt (borate), and (d) condensed alkali metal phosphates, and wherein the constituents of the mixture have a mean grain size of ?150 ?m and the lubricant does not contain any addition of graphite.

Abstract: A nutrient composition for biological systems, such as humans, animals, plants or microorganisms includes at least one monometallic or mixed-metallic phosphate of the (M1 M2 M3 . . . Mx)3(PO4)2.aH2O type where 0?a?9, where (M1, M2, M3 . . . Mx) represent the one metal of the monometallic phosphate or the two or more metals of the mixed-metallic phosphate and are selected from Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and B, with the proviso that at least one of the metals in the phosphate is selected from Mn, Fe, Co and Ni.