Abstract: Improved molding compositions based on high-molecular polyether ester amides are obtained by heating at 180.degree.-250.degree. C. a melt containing a mixture ofA. a polyether ester amide having a relative solution viscosity .eta..sub.rel of at least 1.5; andB. 0.05-1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the molding composition, of a cyclic, trimerized isophorone diisocyanate or an oligomer thereof having a degree of oligomerization of 2-5 and an isocyanate functionality of 3-7.

Abstract: A process for extracting extensively emulsion-free oil from a subterranean deposit, the formation water of which has a medium or high total salinity and has a relatively low alkaline earth metal ion concentration, comprising injecting into an injection well therein a 1-20% strength aqueous tenside solution or dispersion in formation water of a mixture of 10-90% of carboxymethylated ethoxylates of the formulaR--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --OCH.sub.2 --COOMand 90-10% of ethoxylates of the formulaR--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH,whereinR is a linear or branched hydrocarbon aliphatic group of 4-20 carbon atoms or an alkylphenyl group of 1-14 carbon atoms in the alkyl group,n is 3-15, andM is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion or ammonium, wherein alkaline earth metal ions are contained in the tenside solution or dispersion in such a concentration that the phase inversion temperature of the system:crude oil/formation water/tenside solution or dispersion, lies at most 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A naphtha-soluble, hydrogenated C.sub.1-4 -alkyl C.sub.6-10 -aryl ketone/formaldehyde resin, having an oxygen content of at least 6% by weight and a softening point of at least 70.degree. C. can be produced by a process comprising the step of hydrogenating a C.sub.1-4 -alkyl C.sub.6-10 -aryl ketone/formaldehyde resin under a hydrogen pressure of at least 200 bar and a temperature of 140.degree.-300.degree. C., in the presence of a nickel, palladium, palladium/copper or palladium/nickel catalyst. These resins are useful, for example, as additives to improve the hardness of varnishes and other coatings.

Abstract: Highly transparent, impact-resistant molded articles can be produced from a molding composition, comprising: (1) a major portion of polyvinyl chloride or a copolymer comprising at least 70% by weight of vinyl chloride units; and (2) an amount effective to impart impact resistance of: (a) at least one homopolymer of an acrylate monomer having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkylene residue of 3-8 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by 1-2 ether oxygen atoms, wherein the straight-chain portion of said alkylene residue contains at least 3 carbon atoms; or (b) a copolymer of said acrylate monomer and up to 30% by weight of at least one acrylate ester of a C.sub.4-12 aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of extensively emulsion-free oil from a subterranean reservoir of medium or high salinity comprises forcing into an injection well a 0.1-20% (e.g., 1-20%) by weight solution or dispersion in formation water of carboxymethylated ethoxylates of the formulaR--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --OCH.sub.2 --COOM,whereinR is a linear or branched aliphatic residue of 4-20 carbon atoms or an alkylaromatic or dialkylaromatic residue of 1-14 carbon atoms in the alkyl group,n is 1-30, e.g., 3-30, andM is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion or ammonium,and the degree of carboxymethylation is between 10 and 100%, wherein the carboxymethylated oxethylate is selected so that the phase inversion temperature of the system: crude oil/formation water/tenside/optional additives, is 0.degree.-10.degree. C. above the reservoir temperature.

Abstract: A process for recovering extensively emulsion-free oil from a subterranean deposit of medium or high salinity comprises forcing into an injection well a 1-20% strength solution or dispersion in formation water of a carboxymethylated ethoxylate tenside of the formula:R--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --OCH.sub.2 --COOMwhereinR is a linear or branched aliphatic residue of 4-20 carbon atoms or a mono- or dialkylaromatic residue of 1-14 carbon atoms in the alkyl group,n is 3-30, andM is an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion or ammonium, and wherein the degree of carboxymethylation is incomplete, wherein the tenside is selected so that the phase inversion temperature of the system: crude oil/formation water/tenside/optional additives, lies 0.degree.-10.degree. C. above the deposit temperature.

Abstract: p-tert-octyl phenol is produced by reaction of phenol with diisobutene in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger and water, in a first stage, in a solid-bed reactor at temperatures of 110.degree.-140.degree. C. and under an excess pressure of up to 5 bar. The resultant dioctyl phenol formed as a by-product is alkylated in a second stage in a further solid-bed reactor with phenol in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger, and water at temperatures of 110.degree.-140.degree. C. and under an excess pressure of up to 5 bar to obtain additional p-tert-octyl phenol.

Abstract: Extensively emulsion-free oil is recovered from a subterranean reservoir of medium or high salinity by forcing an emulsion, e.g., of oil, into an injection well. Carboxymethylated ethoxylate is utilized as the emulsifier and is selected so that the phase inversion temperature of the system:oil of reservoir/formation water/tenside/optional additives lies 0.degree.-10.degree. C. above the reservoir temperature.

Abstract: For the production of neohexanol with a purity above 99%, a chlorine content of less than 10 ppm, and a sulfur content of less than 5 ppm, 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid with a chlorine content below 650 ppm, preferably below 100 ppm, is first esterified, optionally after distillatory separation into a portion richer in chlorine with a chlorine content above 650 ppm, preferably above 100 ppm, and into a portion low in chlorine with a chlorine content below 650 ppm, preferably below 100, with an alcohol boiling above 117.degree. C., preferably an octyl alcohol. The resultant ester is separated by distillation into fractions richer in chlorine with chlorine contents above 10 ppm and into fractions low in chlorine with chlorine contents below 10 ppm. The ester of low chlorine contents below 10 ppm is hydrogenated to neohexanol over a barium-activated copper chromite catalyst under a pressure of 200-300 bar, at 120.degree.-22.degree. C., and with catalyst loads of 0.05-1.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride blend contains, as a smoke-reducing additive, a copper (II) hydroxide phosphate of the composition Cu.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2.Cu(OH).sub.2 in amounts from about 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride. The thus-treated polyvinyl chloride is not discolored by the addition of this copper compound a significant advantage when compared to conventional copper compound additives.

Abstract: In a low pressure process for polymerizing ethene using a Ziegler mixed catalyst comprising (a) a titanium compound, a vanadium compound or a mixture thereof and (b) an aluminum-organic compound or a mixture thereof, an improvement is provided wherein the process is carried out in multi-stages comprising:polymerizing, in a first polymerization stage, in the liquid phase in a dispersion medium of a C.sub.3 - to C.sub.6 -hydrocarbon, andpolymerizing, in a last polymerization stage, in the gas phase.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cyclic acetal from a saturated, aliphatic aldehyde comprises contacting a saturated, aliphatic aldehyde of 2-16 carbon atoms with a silica gel.

Abstract: High molecular weight linear polyesters advantageous for use as hot melt adhesives and powder coating agents, are prepared by a process for preparing a high-molecular weight, linear copolyester by condensing 40-85 molar percent of terephthalic acid optionally in the form of a dialkyl ester, half of which component can optionally be replaced by another dicarboxylic acid also optionally in the dialkyl ester form, and 60-15 molar percent of adipic acid, with an alkanediol of 2-6 carbon atoms in its carbon chain, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a conventional catalyst, in a first condenstation stage which is an interesterification or esterification stage and a second condenstation stage which is a polycondensation stage, whereby a copolyester melt is produce. The process comprises, before or during the first condensation stage, adding 0.005-01 molar percent, based on the total acid component, of a C.sub.6 - aryl or C.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a secondary or tertiary 2-carboxyethyl- or carboxymethylphosphine or a salt thereof comprisessaponifying the corresponding cyanoalkyl phosphine with an aqueous-alcoholic alkali metal hydroxide solution, to prepare the alkali metal salt of the corresponding phosphino carboxylic acid,treating an aqueous solution of the acid salt so produced with a strongly acidic ion exchanger, andneutralizing the resultant free acid with an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonia or an amine when a salt thereof is to be prepared.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an extensively amorphous homo- or copolymer of an .alpha.-olefin of 3-32 carbon atoms comprises polymerizing an .alpha.-olefin using a titanium-containing Ziegler-Natta catalyst, the catalyst comprising a mixture of(A) the reaction product of(a) a .mu.-oxoalkoxide of the formulaTi.sub.x O.sub.(x+y-1) M.sub.y.sup.m (OR.sup.1).sub.(2x+1) Z.sub.(m-1)ywhereinM is a metal of valence m,R.sup.1 is an alkyl residue of 1-10 carbon atoms,Z is C.sub.1-18 alkanoyloxy or C.sub.1-10 alkoxy,x is a whole or fractional number of 1-4,y is a whole or fractional number of 1-2 andm is 2,3 or 4;with(b) a halogen-containing organoaluminum compound of the formulaR.sub.n.sup.2 AlX.sub.3-nwhereinR.sup.2 is C.sub.1-16 alkyl,X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, andn is a whole or fractional number of 0.5-2.5, and(B) an aluminum trialkyl of up to 16 carbon atoms in each alkyl group.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 8-22 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain or hydroxyalkyl of 2-22 carbon atoms; and R' and R" each independently is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl provided that R' and R" are not simultaneously hydrogen, and R' and R" in total have 8-20 carbon atoms;andin I, x is 0.5-5 and y is 5-50; andin II, z is freely selectable with the proviso that the sum total of all x for a given z is 0.5-5 and the sum total of all y for a given z is 5-50;and m is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkenyl derivative of an aromatic hydrocarbon by reacting a conjugated diolefin with the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises conducting the reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising:1. a nickel compound which is soluble in the aromatic hydrocarbon;2. an organo-aluminum halide; and3. a modifying agent wherein the modifying agent (3) is a compound of the formulae ##STR1## wherein X in each case is chlorine, bromine or iodine; andR.sup.1 to R.sup.16 independently are each a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1-20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by 1-41 halogen atoms, ora hydrocarbon aryl radical of 6-14 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by(a) 1-5 straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals, each of 1-10 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atoms, or(b) 1-9 halogen atoms, and wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.16 can alternatively be hydrogen, andR.sup.1 and R.

Abstract: A structured, permanently moldable textile sheet is impregnated on the backside only with an aqueous synthetic resin dispersion, comprising a synthetic resin which comprises 75-95% by weight of a thermoplastic component and 5-25% by weight of a plasticizing component. The resultant impregnated sheet is thereby reinforced and can be permanently molded and glued to an underlying surface without additional preprocessing.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2,3,4,4-tetrachloro-3-butenoic acid ester comprises reacting tetrachlorocyclobutenone in the presence of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene with an alcohol at a temperature of 125.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of polybutadiene having a high cis-1,4-content by the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene in an aliphatic solvent in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of(a) an organoaluminum compound,(b) water, and(c) a cobalt compound soluble in the aliphatic solvent,is improved by the combination wherein the 1,3-butadiene is polymerized at a temperature of 0.degree.-100.degree. C., the aliphatic solvent is hexane; the catalyst consists essentially of(a) diethylaluminum chloride,(b) water, and(c) cobalt octoate, cobalt naphthenate or a mixture thereof;and the catalyst components are added to a mixture of the 1,3-butadiene and the hydrocarbon solvent in the sequence of (a), then (b), and then (c), wherein the mixture is homogenized after addition of each catalyst component.