Abstract: The process for preparing thermoplastic polyether amides or polyether ester amides from lactams, dicarboxylic acids and polyethers having hydroxyl end groups and amino end groups or polyethers having amine end groups is improved.First, a mixture of lactams having at least 8 C atoms with dicarboxylic acids is melted in a molar ratio of 100/7 to 100/120 at temperatures of 230.degree. to 300.degree. C. while being mechanically mixed, in an inert gas atmosphere at ordinary pressure and in the absence of water, until the lactams have been reacted to at least 99%. Then, the polyether bearing the hydroxyl end groups and/or the amino end groups is added in a molar ratio of 1/0.95 to 1/1.05, based on the amount of dicarboxylic acid contained in the molten mixture. Homogenizing is then carried out with further mixing at 230.degree. to 290.degree. C. Lastly, a polycondensation is carried out to completion at 250.degree. to 290.degree. C.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing polyether ester amides by polycondensing at ordinary or reduced pressure, optionally in the presence of catalysts. A hot melt of:(a) polyamides having carboxyl end groups with polyethers having hydroxyl end groups and amino end groups;(b) polyamides having carboxyl end groups and polyethers having hydroxyl end groups;(c) polyamides having carboxyl end groups with polyethers having amino end groups; or(d) polyamides having amino end groups with polyethers having carboxyl end groups;is treated at temperatures from about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. and at a water vapor pressure of about 5 to 25 bars with mechanical agitation and after water is removed by decompression the polycondensation of the polyether ester amide is carried out.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyether amides of polyether ester amides by polycondensing polyamides bearing carboxyl end groups with polyethers bearing hydroxyl end groups and/or amino end groups at ordinary or reduced pressure, in the presence of catalysts, the polyamides bearing the end groups and the polyethers bearing the end groups first being treated at temperatures from about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. at a water vapor pressure of 5 to 25 bars and with mechanical agitation, and wherein upon removing the water by expansion, the polycondensation is carried to completion. The present invention differs from the prior art in that the polyamides bearing carboxyl groups being used are prepared by melting a mixture of lactams having at least 8 C atoms with dicarboxylic acids in the molar ratio of 100/1 to 100/15 in the presence of a catalyst, in an inert gas atmosphere, at atmospheric pressure and in the absence of water at temperatures from 230.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Transparent, high molecular-weight copolyamides having high glass transition temperatures, based on:(1) lactams or omega-aminocarboxylic acids;(2) terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, esters thereof, ester forming derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof; and(3) mixtures of diamines; the copolyamide consisting of:(A) about 25 to 60 mole % of at least one omega-aminocarboxylic acid having at least 11 C atoms or its lactams;(B) about 40 to 75 mole % of an equivalent mixture of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid or a mixture thereof, and a diamine mixture of about 80 to 50 mole % referred to the total diamines, of isophorone diamine and correspondingly about 20 to 50 mole % of diamines of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms and the sum of A+B amounts to 100 mole %.The copolyamides have utility as transparent, impact resistant molded articles.

Abstract: A process for the purification of terephthalic acid in which a dispersion of the terephthalic acid in a liquid dispersant such as acetic acid is continuously pumped repeatedly through a cycle. Fresh dispersion is fed continuously into the cycle while simultaneously a corresponding amount of treated dispersion is removed. The cycle comprises a heater and a cooler and the cooler serves as a crystallizer. The dispersion prior to entering the heater is subjected to a highly effective particle comminution and is exposed upstream of or in the heater to an oxygen containing gas such as air. The acetic acid dispersant is removed from the treated dispersion and recycled to the cycle.

Abstract: Self-extinguishing, fine particulate, expandable styrene polymers for the manufacture of molded articles, containing bromine compounds and one synergist. The synergist, referred to the styrene polymer, is at least one hydrocarbon present in amounts from about 0.1 to 3% by weight and forms stable radicals at temperatures above 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide under pressure in the presence of an amine and of an organic solvent.1. Carbon dioxide is introduced under a pressure of5-80 bars into a mixture essentially containing1.1 an aqueous sodium chloride solution,1.2 a tertiary amine,1.3 a non-polar, organic solvent, and1.4 a polar, organic solvent having a boiling point above 140.degree. C.,2. the aqueous and organic phases obtained are separated under the same pressure as step 1,3. the aqueous phase is rid of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate and following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization),4. the organic phase(s) containing the polar and non-polar organic solvents is (are) heated and the hydrogen chloride released is evacuated, and5. the tertiary amine, polar and non-polar organic solvents from step 4 are recirculated to step 1.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -n-hydrocarbons are oxidized to maleic anhydride by passing a stream of oxygen-containing gas at high temperature over a catalyst of the formulaW.sub.a Mo.sub.b Sb.sub.c Y.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.xwherein Y=P, Si; X=V, Bi, Te, alkali metal; a and b each =1-12; c=2-20; d=0.2-2; e=0-10; and x is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the remaining valences of the other elements, prepared by reacting an Sb compound and optionally also a V, Bi, Te and/or alkali metal compound, with a solution of a heteropoly acid of Mo and W, drying and tempering the resultant blue complex.

Abstract: Polyamide powder coating compositions for the coating of metals at high temperatures are obtained by the precipitation method from polyamides having at least 10 aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group, copolyamides having at least 70% of these polyamides and mixtures of homopolyamides and copolyamides having at least 70% of these polyamides.A. For the preparation of powder coating compositions useful in the fluidized bed coating method the polyamides with 10 or more carbon atoms and having a relative viscosity between 1.4 and 1.8 are added to at least twice the amount by weight of ethanol and while the mixture is being mechanically mixed in a closed vessel is converted into a solution at temperatures between 130.degree. and 150.degree. C. This solution is adjusted to a precipitation temperature of between 100.degree. and 125.degree. C. while avoiding the formation of local sub-cooling and is agitated under an inert gas atmosphere to suppress boiling.

Abstract: A process for the continuous separation of methanol and water from a feed mixture containing predominantly tetrahydrofuran admixed with water, methanol and small amounts of additional compounds, in a rectifying apparatus having at last two rectifying columns, of which two are operated at different pressures which involves feeding the raw material into a first column operated under lower pressure, and introducing the distillate from the column operated under a lower pressure to a second column operated under a higher pressure, while a product stream from the second column operated under a higher pressure is reintroduced into the first column operated under a lower pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preventing smoldering decomposition of multiple-nutrient fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate at elevated temperatures by treatment of the granulated, dried and screened fertilizer with ammonia.

Abstract: A process of producing storage-stable urethane acryls which comprises:(A) forming a prepolymer by reacting one isocyanate group of a cycloaliphatic diisocyanate having two isocyanate groups of substantially different reactivity, with a single NCO reactive hydroxy group-containing acrylic compound which is additionally polymerizable;(B) reacting said prepolymer with a multifunctional polyol to thereby obtain a substantially NCO-free urethane acryl. Acryl urethanes produced can be used as hot melts or in mixtures with reactive diluents for coatings of plastics, metals, wood, pressboards, glass, leather, concrete, and the like.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cyclic acetal from a saturated, aliphatic aldehyde comprises contacting a saturated, aliphatic aldehyde of 2-16 carbon atoms with a silica gel.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst comprising phosphoric acid and a carrier, for the hydration of olefins with 2-3 carbon atoms to the corresponding alcohols, the method comprising:contacting a clay, containing essentially montmorillonite, contaminated by no more than 3% accompanying minerals and containing up to 0.5% by weight K.sub.2 O, or a mineral of the montmorillonite group, containing no potassium, but having the montmorillonite crystalline lattice, with an acid until it has an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 content of 13-18% by weight and a surface area of 200-400 m.sup.2 /g;admixing the so-treated clay with 5-15% by weight, based on the total dry admixture, of one or more oxides of metals of Group VI of the Periodic System;adjusting the water content of the admixture to 20-35% by weight;pressing the admixture into a desired shape and calcining at 500.degree.-800.degree. C.;treating the so-formed carrier material with an acid until it has an Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A Cavitation-inhibiting, nonfreezing, cooling and/or heat-transfer liquid, comprising a glycol and a cavitation inhibiting effective amount of at least one phosphonic acid of the formulaH.sub.2 O.sub.3 P--R--PO.sub.3 H.sub.2whereinR is phenylene or C.sub.1--6 -alkylene each optionally substituted by hydroxy, amino or PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 groups, or of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each independently is a C.sub.1--4 -alkylene group or such a group whose carbon atom chain contains one or more N atoms each of which is attached to one or two groups of the formulae R.sub.1 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, R.sub.2 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 or R.sub.3 --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 as defined above.

Abstract: A process for preparing a secondary or tertiary 2-carboxyethyl- or carboxymethylphosphine or a salt thereof comprisessaponifying the corresponding cyanoalkyl phosphine with an aqueous-alcoholic alkali metal hydroxide solution, to prepare the alkali metal salt of the corresponding phosphino carboxylic acid,treating an aqueous solution of the acid salt so produced with a strongly acidic ion exchanger, andneutralizing the resultant free acid with an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonia or an amine when a salt thereof is to be prepared.

Abstract: High molecular weight linear polyesters advantageous for use as hot melt adhesives and powder coating agents, are prepared by a process for preparing a high-molecular weight, linear copolyester by condensing 40-85 molar percent of terephthalic acid optionally in the form of a dialkyl ester, half of which component can optionally be replaced by another dicarboxylic acid also optionally in the dialkyl ester form, and 60-15 molar percent of adipic acid, with an alkanediol of 2-6 carbon atoms in its carbon chain, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a conventional catalyst, in a first condenstation stage which is an interesterification or esterification stage and a second condenstation stage which is a polycondensation stage, whereby a copolyester melt is produce. The process comprises, before or during the first condensation stage, adding 0.005-01 molar percent, based on the total acid component, of a C.sub.6 - aryl or C.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a reaction product of a conjugated diolefin and an aromatic hydrocarbon comprises contacting these reactants with a catalyst comprising(1) a phosphorous modified cobalt compound comprising a cobalt compound which is soluble in the aromatic hydrocarbon and a phosphorous compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.17, R.sup.18 and R.sup.19 each, independently, is C.sub.1-14 -alkyl, C.sub.2-14 -alkenyl or C.sub.6-14 -aryl(2) a halogen-containing organoaluminum compound; and(3) a modifier of the formula ##STR2## wherein X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine, andR.sub.1 through R.sup.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide in the presence of an amine and an organic solvent. The steps of the process are carried out, wherein:(1) carbon dioxide is introduced into a mixture containing essentially(1.1) an aqueous sodium chloride solution,(1.2) a tertiary amine, and(1.3) a polar, organic solvent;(2) the aqueous and organic phases so obtained are separated;(3) the aqueous phase freed from the separated sodium bicarbonate following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization stage);(4) the organic phase (s) (is) are separated from the polar organic solvent and possibly of water to the widest possible extent and/or required; and(5) the residue containing a non-polar solvent is heated and the hydrogen chloride is removed.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide under pressure in the presence of an amine and of an organic solvent.1. Carbon dioxide is introduced under a pressure of8-80 bars into a mixture essentially containing1.1 an aqueous sodium chloride solution,1.2 a tertiary amine,1.3 a non-polar organic solvent, and1.4 a polar, organic solvent having a boiling point above 140.degree. C.,2. the aqueous and organic phases obtained are separated under the same pressure as step 1,3. the aqueous phase is rid of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate and following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization),4. the organic phase(s) containing the polar and non-polar organic solvents is (are) heated and the hydrogen chloride released is evacuated, and5. the tertiary amine, polar and non-polar organic solvents from step 4 are recirculated in step 1.