Abstract: An injection system and method for feeding a particulate material to a process vessel, including a valve with at least one cavity adapted for receipt of a predetermined volume of particulate and a sweep stream source for providing a sweep stream having flow in a direction generally toward the valve to remove substantially all of the particulate from the cavity of the valve.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkane having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein R is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 600 to 5,000;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; andA is amino, N-alkyl amino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, N,N-dialkyl amino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, or a polyamine moiety having about 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms; and(b) a poly(oxyalkylene) amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and a sufficient number of oxyalkylene units to render the poly(oxyalkylene) amine soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel fuel range.The fuel additive compositions of this invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1000 to 5000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an alkylene group. That alkylene group can be an .alpha.-olefin having 8 to 42 carbon atoms, a polyalkylene having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms, ethylene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl alkyl ether having at least 3 carbon atoms, or vinyl alkanoate having at least 4 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 0.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process is disclosed using a catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, low amounts of bismuth, and a zeolite L. The catalyst is a non-acidic, monofunctional reforming catalyst. Preferably, the catalyst contains one or more halogens. Preferably, the feed includes C.sub.8 hydrocarbons. The addition of small amounts of bismuth increase or substantially maintain catalyst stability. Unexpectedly low dealkylation rates are achieved using the catalyst while reforming to produce aromatics, especially to produce xylenes such as paraxylene.

Abstract: Carburization and metal-dusting while hydrodealkylating a hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon are reduced even in the substantial absence of sulfur.

Abstract: Substituted biphenyl poly(oxyalkylene) ethers having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxyl; R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, aminomethyl, N-alkylamino or N-alkylaminomethyl wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-dialkylaminomethyl wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ortho relative to each other and meta or para relative to the adjoining phenyl substitutent; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --OCHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to about 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms, alkaryl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms; or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1000 to 5000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an alkylene group. That alkylene group can be an .alpha.-olefin having 8 to 42 carbon atoms, a polyalkylene having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms, ethylene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl alkyl ether having at least 3 carbon atoms, or vinyl alkanoate having at least 4 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 0.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: A hydraulic system containing a piston-type pump having wear surfaces containing copper or a copper alloy, and, optionally, a vane-type pump having wear surfaces containing steel, uses an antiwear hydraulic fluid having an oil of lubricating viscosity and minor amounts of zinc dithiophosphate and a wear moderating agent. The wear moderating agent can be aliphatic polyol esters, boric acid derivatives of aliphatic polyol esters, aliphatic amines, aliphatic polyamines, aliphatic imidazolines, or mixtures of any combination thereof. The aliphatic groups of the wear moderating agent are substantially straight-chained, and the wear moderating agent contains at least ten carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the production of an ionomers containing ethylenically-unsaturated structural units comprising contacting:(a) a terpolymer containing structural units produced from (i) at least one .alpha.-olefin having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; (ii) at least one ester of alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acids; and (iii) at least one carboxylic acid with;(b) an inorganic metal-containing base under conditions effective to convert at least a portion of acid functionalities to inorganic metal salts thereof.

Abstract: Methods for cracking hydrocarbons in reactor systems having improved resistances to carburization and coking. The reactor system comprises a steel portion having provided thereon a Group VIB metal protective layer to isolate the steel portion from hydrocarbons, applied to a thickness effective for isolating the steel portion from the hydrocarbon environment. The protective layer is anchored to the steel substrate through an intermediate carbide-rich, bonding layer.

Abstract: A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --O--CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10.

Abstract: Substituted biphenyl polyalkyl esters having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxyl; R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, aminomethyl, N-alkylamino or N-alkylaminomethyl wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-dialkylaminomethyl wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ortho relative to each other and meta or para relative to the adjoining phenyl substitutent; and R.sub.3 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000.The substituted biphenyl polyalkyl esters of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: Substituted biphenyl polyalkyl ethers having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxyl; R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, aminomethyl, N-alkylamino or N-alkylaminomethyl wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-dialkylaminomethyl wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ortho relative to each other and meta or para relative to the adjoining phenyl substitutent; and R.sub.3 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000.The subsitituted biphenyl polyalkyl ethers of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1000 to 5000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an alkylene group. That alkylene group can be an .alpha.-olefin having 8 to 42 carbon atoms, a polyalkylene having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms, ethylene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl alkyl ether having at least 3 carbon atoms, or vinyl alkanoate having at least 4 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 0.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: A dimer composition has an improved low temperature viscosity if it has less than a certain amount of normal paraffin. A 1-octene dimer should have less than 0.50 wt. % normal hexadecane, a 1-decene dimer should have less than 0.05 wt. % normal eicosane, a 1-dodecene dimer should have less than 0.60 wt. % normal tetracosane, and a 1-tetradecene dimer should have less than 0.10 wt. % normal octacosane.

Abstract: Oil soluble compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkenylsulfonyl, substituted aminocarbonyl, alkylphosphoryl, arylphosphoryl, alkenylphosphoryl, aryl, or heterocyclics, or together form a carbocycle or heterocycle, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, sulfurized alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, arylalkyl, or borated hydroxyalkyl, with the proviso that R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together contain sufficient carbon atoms to render the compound oil soluble in an oil of lubricating viscosity. The compound are useful as wear protectants or extreme pressure agents to enhance wear protection or extreme pressure properties in lubricating oils and greases.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process wherein austenitic stainless steel portions that are subject to halide stress-corrosion cracking conditions, such as the colder portions of the process equipment including effluent coolers, knockout drums, accumulation drums, and piping low points, are provided with a protective layer having improved halide stress-corrosion cracking resistance. The method comprises applying a metal cladding, plating, paint or other coating to a stressed portion of austenitic stainless steel hydrocarbon conversion process equipment, optionally curing the coated steel to form intermetallic compounds to protect the steel portions; converting hydrocarbons utilizing a halided catalyst or under conditions where a halogen-containing compound is added or evolved or both; and subjecting the protected steel portion to halide stress-corrosion cracking conditions.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which comprises a copolymer of ethylene and alkyl acrylate having improved melt-point temperature and/or improved adhesiveness to polymeric substrates. A process for making these compositions is also disclosed. In addition, an ionomer made from the copolymer and a method for making the ionomer are disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite L from a reaction mixture containing only sufficient water to produce zeolite L. In one embodiment, the reaction mixture is self-supporting and may be shaped if desired. In the method, the reaction mixture is heated at crystallization conditions and in the absence of an added external liquid phase, so that excess liquid need not be removed from the crystallized product prior to drying the crystals.

Abstract: Aromatic amides of poly(oxyalkylene) carbamates having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; wherein A, R.sub.1 -R.sub.10, x, y, and z are as defined herein.