Abstract: A polymer is disclosed that is useful in increasing the viscosity of carbon dioxide. That polymer comprises an organosilicon polymer having nonrandom crosslinkages that enhance backbone rigidity. Preferably, that polymer is a polyalkylsilsesquioxane. That polymer can be used in a method for recovering oil from an underground oil-bearing earth formation penetrated by an injection well and a producing well, in which method carbon dioxide is injected into the formation to displace oil towards the producing well from which oil is produced to the surface. The viscosity of the carbon dioxide injected into the formation is increased at least three-fold by the presence of a sufficient amount of the polymer and a sufficient amount of a cosolvent to form a solution of the polymer in the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Monobasic carboxylic acids or salts thereof are used to remove metals, particularly calcium and iron, from hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks. An aqueous solution of the acid is used to extract the metals from the feedstock prior to processing. Acetic acid is the preferred carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Novel hydrocarbon conversion catalysts and methods for their preparation and use are disclosed. The catalysts are particularly appropriate for the conversion of hydrocarbon feeds to high octane gasoline, while increasing light cycle oil and decreasing heavy cycle oil yield. The catalyst comprises a unique cogelled silica-alumina matrix.

Abstract: A dual component cracking catalyst system is disclosed comprising zeolite as a first component and a mixture of a calcium/magnesium-containing material and a magnesium-containing material as a second component. The preferred calcium/magnesium-containing material is dolomite and the preferred magnesium-containing material is sepiolite.

Abstract: Disclosed is a medium set cationic bituminous emulsion comprising, relative to the emulsion:a. about 40 to 75% by weight asphalt;b. 0.25 to 5% by weight of a cationic emulsifier;c. 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of a nonionic water-soluble thickening agent;d. 0 to 8% of a low-boiling hydrocarbon; ande. water as a continuous phase of said emulsion to make up 100% by weight;wherein said medium set emulsion when combined with open-graded aggregate produces a mix which has a thick coating of emulsion on said aggregate surface and said mix is workable and results in minimum runoff.

Abstract: A process is provided for the pretreatment of heavy oil feeds to demetalate and remove coke precursors. Inert, sorbent material is utilized in a reaction zone to effect the contaminant removal and is cycled to a regeneration zone. The sorbent also adsorbs sulfur oxides produced in a regeneration zone which are then cycled back to the reaction zone, converted to hydrogen sulfide, and removed from the system. The preferred sorbent material is high surface area alumina, having an average surface area in the circulating inventory of greater than 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: 2-(3-substituted phenyl)-3-amino-2-cyclopentenone derivatives. The compounds generally exhibit both pre-emergence and post-emergence phytotoxicity and are useful as herbicides and also at low dosages as plant growth regulating agents.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for creating parallel vertical fractures from a horizontal or inclined wellbore. Magnitude and orientation of in situ stresses within the formation are determined, and a wellbore is drilled in the direction of the minimum horizontal in situ stress. The wellbore casing is then perforated in the vertical plane by selectively placing a pair of opposing perforations within the casing. Vertical fractures are then initiated and propagated in the plane perpendicular to the minimum horizontal in situ stress by applying hydraulic pressure to fluid in the wellbore casing.

Abstract: For a heavy hydrocarbonaceous feed, especially good hydrodemetalation and hydrodesulfurization are achieved, as well as MCR reduction, using a catalyst having 5 to 11 percent of its pore volume in the form of macropores, and a surface area greater than 75 m.sup.2 /g. Preferably the catalyst has a peak mesopore diameter greater than 165 .ANG., as determined by mercury porosimetry, and an average mesopore diameter greater than 160 .ANG..

Abstract: Borated alkyl catechols can be stabilized by the addition of diethylamine.Lubricating oils containing a borated alkyl catecholdiethylamine complex are effective in reducing oxidation, wear and deposits in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Long chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl amine additives which comprise a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl component, an amine component and an oxy-alkylene hydroxy connecting group connecting the aliphatic hydrocarbyl component and amine component are useful as deposit control additives in fuel compositions and as dispersants in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a method for preparing Group II metal overbased sulfurized alkylphenols. In particular, the present invention employs a sulfurization catalyst in the preparation of Group II metal overbased sulfurized alkylphenols. Use of a sulfurization catalyst in this peparation results in a product generally characterized as having lower crude sediment, a high Total Base Number and lower viscosity than a similar product prepared without using a sulfurization catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dispersed Group VIB metal sulfide hydrocarbon oil hydroprocessing catalyst comprising reacting aqueous ammonia and a Group VIB metal compound, such as molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide, to form water soluble compounds such as aqueous ammonium molybdates or tungstates. The aqueous ammonium molybdates or tungstates are sulfided at a relatively low temperature with hydrogen sulfide without feed oil. The slurry stream is then passed through a separator and ammonia is flashed and separated from the system, leaving a separator residue slurry. The separator residue slurry is then mixed with feed oil, hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide and sulfided at a relatively high temperature to produce a dispersed molybdenum sulfide or tungsten sulfide catalyst of high hydroprocessing activity. The catalyst slurry and feed oil can then be passed to a hydroprocessing reactor.

Abstract: A method of enhanced oil recovery using foam to improve the effectiveness of steam to mobilize viscous crude, either for steam stimulation in a single well or for steam drive between wells. The new surfactant composition used comprises alkyl aromatic sulfonates having an average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 600 and comprising at least 2 alkyl groups wherein one alkyl group is linear and has from 3 to about 30 carbon atoms and one alkyl group is a branched chain and has from 5 to about 25 carbon atoms as the effective agent for the steam foamer. The dialkyl aromatic sulfonates having linear and branched chain substitutes provide significant economic advantages over alkyl aromatic sulfonates having only branched chain substituted and provide significant performance advantages over alkyl aromatic sulfonates which do not contain branched chain alkyl groups.

Abstract: A uniform feed distribution system for selectively upgrading a feed stream of hydrocarbon fluid containing metallic components, such as organometallic compounds, and/or inert materials, which deactivate or contaminate catalyst particles counterflows into a descending bed of catalyst particles. The heated feed stream is at temperatures and pressures so that lighter hydrocarbon components or hydrogen evolve as gas components as it is introduced into the reaction vessel. The evolved gas is separated into reservoir or pocket above a reservoir of liquid components and both components are then uniformly and selectively introduced into the downflowing bed of catalyst. By forming a common supply volume of gaseous and liquid components, the gas components are independently accessible to the lower end of the moving bed of catalyst particles through an inclined distribution surface preferably in the form of a cone.

Abstract: A process for beneficiating oil shale is disclosed including the steps of grinding the shale to fine particles in an aqueous medium, portions of which are kerogen-rich and kerogen-poor, scrubbing the particles, conditioning using a collector and a frother, and separating using froth flotation and oil agglomeration/dewatering.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetonitrile through the intermediate .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-.alpha.'-chloro-m-xylene. This intermediate is formed by selective chlorination of .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.'-trichloro-m-xylene under conditions which maximize yield and minimize the formation of undesired, non-recyclable chlorinated by-products.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-33 is prepared using a quaternary ion as a template.

Abstract: A two-step dimerization process for producing semi-linear C.sub.12 olefins using homogeneous dimerization catalysts and new C.sub.12 olefins mixtures. The C.sub.12 product is especially useful for the production of biodegradable sulfonated alkylaryl detergents and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for determining injection profiles in a steam injection well is disclosed. The mass flow rate of steam entering the well is measured. A well logging tool is then used to measure temperature and/or pressure profiles within the perforated zone of the well. A liquid phase tracer is then injected for a short time into the well with the steam. The well logging tool contains dual gamma ray detectors and is used to measure the transit time of the tracer slug. In the preferred embodiment, the liquid tracer is radioactive elemental iodine or sodium iodide. The procedure is repeated with a vapor phase tracer which is radioactive Krypton. Argon, or Xenon in the preferred embodiment. A vapor and liquid profile can then be calculated with simple mass balance equations. In a second approach, a spinner survey and a single tracer survey are conducted. By combining the spinner and tracer survey results, vapor and liquid rates can be determined and steam injection profiles can be calculated.