Abstract: A process for degassing polymers and copolymers which are prepared by bulk polymerization of a vinyl chloride-base monomer composition, in which the polymerizate is kept in an agitated condition, the monomer composition to be removed is adjusted from the polymerization pressure to an absolute pressure of less than 0.16 bar, the polymerisate is brought to or maintained at a temperature which is at least equal to 70.degree. C. and lower than the temperature at which degradation of the polymer or copolymer begins, and said pressure and temperature conditions are maintained substantially until degassing stops. After the proportion of residual vinyl chloride monomer in the polymer or copolymer has been reduced to a value below 2000 mg/kg, the polymerizate is brought into contact with water to which at least one anionic surface active agent is added.

Abstract: Surface treating compositions, e.g., for the removal of water therefrom, are comprised of (1) a solvent comprising at least 50% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and (2) a water-solubilizing additive therefor, said additive (2) comprising (i) at least one phosphoric acid ester of the general formula: ##STR1## in which Y is a radical of the formula --O--T--OC.sub.m H.sub.2m).sub.r OH, and Z is a radical Y or a hydroxyl group, (ii) at least one ester of the above formula (I), in which at least one phosphoric acid moiety has been neutralized with at least one amine salt of the general formula: ##STR2## and (iii) at least one carboxylic acid of the general formula:R'--COOH (III).

Abstract: A polymerization reactor in which the surfaces therein, which are exposed to the polymerization medium, are provided with a coating of a resin extracted from pine wood whereby polymer deposits on such surfaces are substantially reduced and/or easily removed, and method for treatment of same.

Abstract: A process for preparing membranes for electrolysis. One such process comprises impregnating a porous sheet comprising a polyfluoroolefin, asbestos fibers and an inorganic pore-forming agent with a solution comprising (i) a compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic and (ii) at least one other non-ionic monomer having at least one >C.dbd.CH.sub.2 group, withdrawing said sheet from contact with said solution, polymerizing the monomers which become impregnated in the sheet so that the pores of the sheet contain the resulting acrylic polymer, eliminating the inorganic pore-forming agent to form pores in the sheet, and swelling the acrylic polymer so that the pores of the sheet are closed by the polymer. The membranes produced by these processes are useful in cells for the electrolysis of sodium chloride to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A porous diaphragm for an electrolytic cell enables, e.g., the electrolysis of NaCl to NaOH, in high concentration and in good yield, said diaphragm comprising an electrolytically acceptable porous sheet member having a total pore volume and average equivalent pore diameter adapted for electrolysis, and having an ion exchange resin fixedly deposited within the pores and occupying from 8 to 30% of the total pore volume thereof.

Abstract: Storage stable, polyester based compositions well adapted for hardening into molded shaped articles exhibiting virtually no shrinkage, are comprised of (i) an unsaturated polyester, (ii) a polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith, (iii) an oligoester of the formula: ##STR1## and (iv) a condensate of such oligoester (I) with an unsaturated polyester.

Abstract: A composition of matter including (i) an epoxy resin and (ii) a cross-linking agent therefor, said cross-linking agent being the reaction product of trimellitic anhydride with a diol, and wherein such reaction the molar ratio anhydride/diol is not in excess of 2, is a useful binder for coating compositions, notably the powder paints.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor in which the surfaces therein that are exposed to the polymerization medium are provided with a coating of a modified rosin whereby polymer deposits on such surfaces are substantially reduced and/or easily removed, and method for treatment of same.

Abstract: A porous diaphragm for an electrolytic cell enables, e.g., the electrolysis of NaCl to NaOH, in high concentration and in good yield, said diaphragm comprising an electrolytically acceptable porous sheet member having a total pore volume and average equivalent pore diameter adapted for electrolysis, and having an ion exchange resin fixedly deposited within the pores and occupying from 8 to 30% of the total pore volume thereof.

Abstract: A cathode assembly for an electrolytic cell, which assembly being especially adapted for diaphragm or membranous electrolytic cells, is comprised of a reinforced internal cathode including fingerlike lateral extensions, such reinforcement comprising vertical and horizontal flat metal strips, and said assembly including electrical and mechanical connections to an external current source and being characterized by reduced electrical resistance and capacity for ready assembly of the internal cathode.

Abstract: A saturated, cross-linking binder composition for use in powder coatings is disclosed. The composition comprises at least two saturated cross-linking resins and a cross-linking agent in which the resins exhibit different reactivities with respect to the cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A saturated cross-linkable binder composition adapted for preparing coatings having a non-glossy surface is disclosed which comprises:(a) at least one cross-linkable resin selected from the group consisting of saturated polyester resins and epoxide resins;(b) a cross-linking agent wherein the functional groups are selected from the group consisting of acid groups and acid anhydride groups and, in case the cross-linkable resin is a saturated polyester resin, also masked isocyanate groups; and,(c) having associated therewith a salt of an at least bivalent metal ion and an organic acid anion selected from the group consisting of carboxylic anions and acetylacetonate.These binder compositions are particularly useful as binding agents in powderous paint compositions which yield a paint coating having a non-glossy and textured surface.

Abstract: A wettable microporous diaphragm for electrolysis having a base of a fluorinated resin is disclosed. This diaphragm is prepared by depositing a copolymer of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a non-ionic unsaturated monomer in the pores of the diaphragm. The diaphragm is particularly useful for the electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides.

Abstract: Process for preventing soil redeposition onto textile articles made of natural, synthetic or artificial fibers or a blend thereof, during dry cleaning operations using stabilized perchloroethylene.It is characterized in that a sufficient amount of at least one C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 alcohol, chosen from amongst those having a boiling point of between 95.degree. and 140.degree. C. and those forming, with the perchloroethylene, an azeotrope having a boiling point of between 80.degree. and 130.degree. C., is incorporated into this perchloroethylene.

Abstract: The invention concerns a material having good resistance to mechanical stresses and heat and in particular having substantial resistance to the penetration of a directed flame such as the pointed flame of a blowpipe.The material comprises a substance which can be polymerized such as a polyurethane, sulfur, and possibly halogenated compounds, phosphorus-bearing compounds, phosphohalogenated compounds, trivalent antimony oxide, solid or liquid fillers and pigments.The material may be used for the production of strong walls, in particular by filling internal cavities of armoured doors, walls of strong rooms or safes.

Abstract: A wettable microporous diaphragm for electrolysis having a base of a fluorinated resin is disclosed. This diaphragm is prepared by depositing a copolymer of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a non-ionic unsaturated monomer in the pores of the diaphragm. The diaphragm is particularly useful for the electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides.

Abstract: A method of preparing homo and co-polymers of vinyl chloride in the form of a powder adapted to give plastisols, in which a latex of homo or co-polymers of vinyl chloride, containing from 30 to 60% by weight of dry material and comprising two populations of particles with specific granulometric properties, is concentrated by eliminating a fraction of the aqueous phase in the liquid state, then the residual water is dried off. The dry material content of the concentrated latex is from 50 to 80% by weight, and the absolute difference between the dry material content of the latex before and after concentration is over 10% by weight.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of homo- and co-polymers of vinyl chloride by polymerization in seeded microsuspension, which comprises effecting polymerization in the presence of one or more seeding products in the form of dispersions of particles of polymers, the particles of at least one of the seeding products containing the initiator required for polymerization and said initiator being activated by an organosoluble metal complex and nitric acid.

Abstract: Continuous process for producing a finely divided aqueous dispersion of a homogeneous phase of at least one fusible solid ingredient and possibly of at least one liquid ingredient in which an aqueous solution of dispersion additive with a melted homogeneous phase is continuously subjected to a high velocity gradient in an agitation zone. The respective temperatures and flow rates of the aqueous solution and the homogeneous phase are regulated so that the homogeneous phase of the dispersion thusly produced reaches its solidification temperature after the dispersion has been evacuated from the agitation zone and before thermal equilibrium between the aqueous solution and the homogeneous phase is reached.

Abstract: Curable, saturated polyester resins and epoxy resin cross-linking agents therefor, in association with an at least divalent metal oxide and a cross-linking catalyst, are useful binders for mechanically improved powder paints, e.g., those typically applied to metallic substrates by electrostatic deposition or fluidized bed spraying.