Abstract: A process for degassing polymers and copolymers which are prepared by bulk polymerization of a vinyl chloride-base monomer composition, in which the polymerizate is kept in an agitated condition, the monomer composition to be removed is adjusted from the polymerization pressure to an absolute pressure of less than 0.16 bar, the polymerisate is brought to or maintained at a temperature which is at least equal to 70.degree. C. and lower than the temperature at which degradation of the polymer or copolymer begins, and said pressure and temperature conditions are maintained substantially until degassing stops. After the proportion of residual vinyl chloride monomer in the polymer or copolymer has been reduced to a value below 2000 mg/kg, the polymerizate is brought into contact with water to which at least one anionic surface active agent is added.

Abstract: Surface treating compositions, e.g., for the removal of water therefrom, are comprised of (1) a solvent comprising at least 50% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and (2) a water-solubilizing additive therefor, said additive (2) comprising (i) at least one phosphoric acid ester of the general formula: ##STR1## in which Y is a radical of the formula --O--T--OC.sub.m H.sub.2m).sub.r OH, and Z is a radical Y or a hydroxyl group, (ii) at least one ester of the above formula (I), in which at least one phosphoric acid moiety has been neutralized with at least one amine salt of the general formula: ##STR2## and (iii) at least one carboxylic acid of the general formula:R'--COOH (III).

Abstract: A polymerization reactor in which the surfaces therein, which are exposed to the polymerization medium, are provided with a coating of a resin extracted from pine wood whereby polymer deposits on such surfaces are substantially reduced and/or easily removed, and method for treatment of same.

Abstract: A process for preparing membranes for electrolysis. One such process comprises impregnating a porous sheet comprising a polyfluoroolefin, asbestos fibers and an inorganic pore-forming agent with a solution comprising (i) a compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic and (ii) at least one other non-ionic monomer having at least one >C.dbd.CH.sub.2 group, withdrawing said sheet from contact with said solution, polymerizing the monomers which become impregnated in the sheet so that the pores of the sheet contain the resulting acrylic polymer, eliminating the inorganic pore-forming agent to form pores in the sheet, and swelling the acrylic polymer so that the pores of the sheet are closed by the polymer. The membranes produced by these processes are useful in cells for the electrolysis of sodium chloride to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A porous diaphragm for an electrolytic cell enables, e.g., the electrolysis of NaCl to NaOH, in high concentration and in good yield, said diaphragm comprising an electrolytically acceptable porous sheet member having a total pore volume and average equivalent pore diameter adapted for electrolysis, and having an ion exchange resin fixedly deposited within the pores and occupying from 8 to 30% of the total pore volume thereof.

Abstract: Storage stable, polyester based compositions well adapted for hardening into molded shaped articles exhibiting virtually no shrinkage, are comprised of (i) an unsaturated polyester, (ii) a polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith, (iii) an oligoester of the formula: ##STR1## and (iv) a condensate of such oligoester (I) with an unsaturated polyester.

Abstract: A composition of matter including (i) an epoxy resin and (ii) a cross-linking agent therefor, said cross-linking agent being the reaction product of trimellitic anhydride with a diol, and wherein such reaction the molar ratio anhydride/diol is not in excess of 2, is a useful binder for coating compositions, notably the powder paints.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor in which the surfaces therein that are exposed to the polymerization medium are provided with a coating of a modified rosin whereby polymer deposits on such surfaces are substantially reduced and/or easily removed, and method for treatment of same.

Abstract: A porous diaphragm for an electrolytic cell enables, e.g., the electrolysis of NaCl to NaOH, in high concentration and in good yield, said diaphragm comprising an electrolytically acceptable porous sheet member having a total pore volume and average equivalent pore diameter adapted for electrolysis, and having an ion exchange resin fixedly deposited within the pores and occupying from 8 to 30% of the total pore volume thereof.