Abstract: A process is, herein, disclosed for electrolysis or pure water in an electrolytic cell which is divided into an anode compartment and a cathode compartment by a cation exchange membrane and in which pure water is supplied to the anode compartment for electrolysis to generate oxygen in the anode compartment and hydrogen in the cathode compartment, said cation exchange membrane being produced by grafting a fluorovinyl sulfonic acid monomer onto a membranous polymeric substrate having a monomer unit of the formula: ##STR1## (wherein X is hydrogen, fluorine or CH.sub.3 ; and Y is hydrogen or fluorine), said cation exchange membrane being used in close contact with an anode and a cathode.

Abstract: A low temperature food drying process dries foods to the substantially absolutely dry state without deterioration by using a low humidity drying gas. This process comprises, in combination, the steps of (a) contacting a food with a low humidity drying gas having a dew point of -75.degree. to 0.degree. C., to dry the food at a temperature less than 60.degree. C., (b) passing the water-containing gas discharged from the step (a) through an adsorbing bed capable of adsorbing water preferentially to effect dehumidification of the discharged wet gas to a low humidity drying gas having a dew point of -75.degree. to 0.degree. C., (c) recycling the so regenerated low humidity gas having a dew point of -75.degree. to 0.degree. C. to the step (a) and using the regenerated gas for drying again, and (d) regenerating the adsorbing bed in which water has been adsorbed, whereby the food is dried to the substantially absolutely dry state.

Abstract: In an apparatus for electrolyzing an aqueous solution, which includes a plurality of electrolytic cells disposed at a plurality of vertically spaced levels and divided by partitions from one another, each of said cells having at least one anode and at least one cathode, said cells including an uppermost cell having an inlet for said solution, and a lowermost cell having an outlet for said solution, the improvement wherein:(a) each cell being separated into at least two horizontally adjacent cell units;(b) the separation adapted to direct the solution flow from the top of one unit into the bottom of the adjacent unit enabling solution flow successively through each unit;(c) a last unit of each cell provided with a passage extending from the top of the last unit to the bottom of the unit at a lower level to direct solution flow downwardly;(d) the anode and cathode being vertical in each unit opposite each other forming a bipolar electrode assembly; and(e) each unit with a gas collecting zone above the anode and

Abstract: A filter-press type ion exchange membrane-method electrolysis cell comprising(a) an anode structure which comprises a rectangular anode frame including a top element, a bottom element and two side elements and anode plates welded to the anode frame,(b) a cathode structure which comprises a rectangular cathode frame including a top element, a bottom element and two side elements and cathode plates welded to the cathode frame, and(c) an ion exchange membrane interposed between the anode structure and the cathode structure;whereinthe two side elements of the anode frame and the two side elements of the cathode frame have a tubular structure with a rectangular cross section,the top and bottom elements of the anode frame and the top and bottom elements of the cathode frame have a .].

Abstract: A cathode for use in electrolysis comprising (1) a substrate of iron or an alloy thereof; (2) a compact interlayer of Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 formed on the substrate, and (3) a coating of activating nickel comprising principally nickel or an alloy thereof formed on the Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 layer. In another embodiment, the interlayer (2) may be heat-treated to convert a part of the interlayer (2) into a nickel ferrite. The cathode is especially suitable for use in the electrolysis of an alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, using an ion exchange membrane method.

Abstract: A process for producing glyoxalic acid which comprises electrolytically oxidizing glyoxal in an electrolytic cell comprising at least one anode, at least one cathode and at least one cation exchange membrane therebetween to define an anode compartment(s) and a cathode compartment(s) therein, using an aqueous solution containing glyoxal and halogen ions as an anolyte solution and an aqueous solution containing an inorganic or organic electrolyte as a catholyte solution.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode comprising(a) an electrode frame;(b) a partition wall welded to the electrode frame (a) and comprising a composite structure of an anode-side sheet and a cathode-side sheet;(c) an anode plate disposed on the anode-side of the partition wall (b);(d) a cathode plate disposed on the cathode-side of the partition wall (b); and(e) electrically conductive spacers with both ends welded to the anode plate (c) and the anode-side sheet of the partition wall (b) and to the cathode plate (d) and the cathode-side sheet of the partition wall (b), wherein each of the electrically conductive spacers (e) comprises two elements which are superimposed between the anode plate (c) or the cathode plate (d) and the partition wall (b) and welded at the superimposed surface, so as to form the anode plate (c) and the cathode plate (d) as horizontal uniform planes and a method for the production of the bipolar electrode.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorine dioxide which comprises(1) feeding hydrochloric acid and an excess on a stoichiometric basis of sodium chlorate produced in an electrolytic cell for producing sodium chlorate into a reaction zone for producing chlorine dioxide;(2) reacting the hydrochloric acid and the sodium chlorate in the reaction zone to form a gaseous reaction product containing chlorine dioxide and chlorine and so that sodium chloride produced is precipitated to form a slurry-like residual reaction mixture containing the precipitated sodium chloride;(3) continuously removing the chlorine dioxide as the gaseous reaction product;(4) simultaneously withdrawing the slurry-like residual reaction mixture containing the precipitated sodium chloride continuously from the reaction zone;(5) feeding water to the withdrawn residual reaction mixture to dissolve the sodium chloride and form a solution containing sodium chloride;(6) blowing air or an inert gas through the solution containing sodium chloride to remove a

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for electrolysis of sea water comprisinga housing having an opening at the bottom and top of the housing for in-flow of sea water and out-flow of electrolyzed sea water, respectively;a plurality of flat plate-like anodes vertically disposed in the housing with the major surface area of the anodes being parallel to the flow of sea water through the cell;a plurality of flat plate-like cathodes vertically disposed in the housing with the major surface area of the cathodes being parallel to the flow of sea water through the cell;an outwardly projecting portion for passing an electric current provided at the lower side edge of each of the anodes;an outwardly projecting portion for passing an electric current provided at the upper side edge of each of the cathodes;an electric current-passing plate secured to the lower portion of the housing and connected to the portions for passing an electric current to each of the anodes; andan electric current-passing plate secured to the upper portion of th

Abstract: A process for producing sodium hypochlorite comprising electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium chloride as an electrolyte solution in a non-diaphragm electrolytic cell comprising at least one unit cell in which the ratio of the actual area of the anode to the actual area of the cathode is at least about 1.5: 1. In a preferred embodiment higher concentrations of sodium hypochlorite can be attained by performing the electrolysis while cooling the electrolyte solution to about 50.degree. C. or less.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode comprising(a) an electrode frame;(b) a partition wall welded to the electrode frame (a) and comprising a composite structure of an anode-side sheet and a cathode-side sheet;(c) an anode plate disposed on the anode-side of the partition wall (b);(d) a cathode plate disposed on the cathode-side of the partition wall (b); and(e) electrically conductive spacers with both ends welded to the anode plate (c) and the anode-side sheet of the partition wall (b) and to the cathode plate (d) and the cathode-side sheet of the partition wall (b), wherein each of the electrically conductive spacers (e) comprises two elements which are superimposed between the anode plate (c) or the cathode plate (d) and the partition wall (b) and welded at the superimposed surface, so as to form the anode plate (c) and the cathode plate (d) as horizontal uniform planes and a method for the production of the bipolar electrode.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkali metal hypochlorite which comprises electrolyzing an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chloride in an electrolytic cell including a plurality of unit cells, each equipped with at least one anode and at least one cathode, in which the unit cells are arranged in series via partitioning plates, wherein hydrogen gas generated at the cathode in each unit cell is passed out of each unit cell such that the hydrogen gas does not contact the cathode portion that takes part in electrolysis in the next adjacent unit cell and an electrolytic cell therefor.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode comprisingA. an anode member comprising a substrate made of an anticorrosive metal or metal alloy and an electrically conductive coating formed on the surface thereof;B. a cathode member comprising a metal or a metal alloy;C. a partition wall for separating the anode member from the cathode member, the partition wall comprising an anode-side sheet made of the same type of anticorrosive metal or metal alloy used as the substrate of the anode member and a cathode-side sheet made of the same type of metal or metal alloy used as the cathode member; andD. a composite member for electrically and structurally connecting the anode member and the cathode member to each other.

Abstract: A process for concentrating or liquefying a specified component of a gaseous mixture, characterized by a combination of a step comprising passing a starting gaseous mixture containing a dilute gaseous substance to be selectively separated into one adsorbing layer of an adsorbing device consisting of a pair of adsorbing layers to allow it to adsorb the gaseous substance to be selectively separated, releasing the remainder of the gaseous mixture, and before the amount of the adsorbed gas in the adsorbing layer reaches saturation, switching the passing of the starting gaseous mixture over to the other adsorbing layer; a step comprising maintaining the pressure of the inside of the adsorbing layer which has adsorbed the gaseous substance lower than the pressure of the starting gaseous mixture fed, feeding a part of the gas released from the other adsorbing layer or an inert gas from outside the system to desorb the adsorbed gas, again passing the starting gaseous mixture after the end of desorption, and switching