Abstract: An apparatus for thermochemical conversion of solid carbonaceous materials into fluid fuels using a fluid source of oxygen and an external source of concentrated radiation includes a reactor having a wall defining a cavity; a radiation inlet positioned in the wall for passing concentrated radiation into the cavity; and at least one inlet for introducing a fluid reactant flow of a source of oxygen and particles of carbonaceous material into direct exposure to the concentrated radiation in the cavity so as to heat and thermochemically convert the particles into fluid fuel. A process and system are also provided. The fluid source of oxygen is preferably steam and the carbonaceous material is preferably particles of petcoke.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a humanized, non-human mammal model, preferably a humanized mouse model, with an engrafted portion of human skin having hyper-patient sensitivity to ultra violet (UV) light, and a method for preparing such non-human mammal model and its use for studying acute and long term effects on human skin by exposure to UV light and for testing topically or systematically applied or administered substances for their capability to prevent, repair and/or cure damages of such exposed human skin. This mouse model comprises an engrafted portion of human skin based on skin cells of a human Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or Gorlin's Syndrome (GS) patient. XP and GS are rare human autosomal disorders characterized clinically by hypersensitivity to UV light, especially to UVB rays, and high predisposition for developing skin cancers on sunlight exposed skin areas.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermochemical conversion of solid carbonaceous materials into fluid fuels using a fluid source of oxygen and an external source of concentrated radiation includes a reactor having a wall defining a cavity; a radiation inlet positioned in the wall for passing concentrated radiation into the cavity; and at least one inlet for introducing a fluid reactant flow of a source of oxygen and particles of carbonaceous material into direct exposure to the concentrated radiation in the cavity so as to heat and thermochemically convert the particles into fluid fuel. A process and system are also provided. The fluid source of oxygen is preferably steam and the carbonaceous material is preferably particles of petcoke.