Abstract: A method for a scalable Reconfigurable Optical-Add Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) includes determining a plurality of channels at a ROADM node in an optical network will ingress and egress at another ROADM node in the optical network, such that the plurality of channels are able to share a same physical routing in the optical network; interfacing the plurality of channels at a degree in the ROADM node, such that the plurality of channels are connected to the another ROADM node in the optical network; adding and dropping the plurality of channels at the ROADM node with corresponding modems; and pre-combining the plurality of channels onto a common port between the degree and the corresponding modems, such that the plurality of channels connect to the degree together in a single connection. An add/channel count of the ROADM node is higher with the pre-combining.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, transmitting a first message to a server. The first message includes a request for a service and a first timeout associated with the service. The request causes generation of a blocking call associated with the service on the client computing device. Further embodiments can include receiving, prior to the first timeout expiring, a second message from the server indicating that the service is in-progress, and transmitting a third message to the server. The third message comprises one of a first instruction to continue with the service as the blocking call or a second instruction to convert the blocking call to a non-blocking call associated with the service. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an emitter layer with N-type doping having a first bandgap energy; a base layer with P-type doping having a second bandgap energy; a sub-emitter layer disposed between the emitter layer and the base layer, wherein the sub-emitter layer has a third bandgap energy that is less than both the first bandgap energy and the second bandgap energy. The sub-emitter layer provides a barrier to electrons flowing from the emitter layer, while allowing photo-generated holes to recombine in the sub-emitter layer thereby mitigating current amplification.

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based network control includes obtaining data from a network having a plurality of network elements; analyzing the data with one or more Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to determine one or more actions for network control; analyzing the determined one or more actions to determine any risks associated therewith; and one of allowing, modifying, and blocking the determined one or more actions based on the determined risks to safeguard the network. The risks can be based on one or more of (1) non-deterministic behavior AI inference which is statistical in nature, (2) unbounded uncertainty of the AI inference that can result in arbitrarily large inaccuracy on rare occasions, (3) unpredictable behavior of the AI inference in presence of input data that is different than data in training and testing datasets, and (4) malicious input data.

Abstract: Systems and methods implemented by a network element in a G.8032 ring include steps of operating an Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) session with an adjacent network element; and detecting an optical bypass in the G.8032 ring based on the OAM session. The steps can include flushing a forwarding database of the network element based on the optical bypass. The steps can include detecting prior to the optical bypass, that a neighboring node includes a ring block; and subsequent to the optical bypass, installing a new channel block. The optical bypass enables faster protection switching and the present disclosure incorporates an optical bypass in G.8032.

Abstract: An apparatus including first and second substrates. The first and second substrates each include a base and at least one peripheral wall extending from the base. One of the at least one peripheral walls of the first or second substrates includes at least one well, and the other of the at least one peripheral walls of the first or the seconds substrate that does not include a well is mechanically anchored to the well. The apparatus includes a stack having a first and second end, and the stack is disposed on the base of the first and/or the second substrates at the first and/or second ends. The stack includes at least one element configured to generate energy. A method of assembling the apparatus by contacting the substrates.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) over a selected reverse path are provided. A process, according to one implementation, include sending an echo request in a forward direction from an initiator node to a reflector node. For example, the initiator node and reflector node may be configured to operate in a network having no or different centralized controller that manages both the initiator node and reflector node. The echo request may be sent to the reflector node to discover a reverse path in a reverse direction from the reflector node to the initiator node. Also, the reverse path is discovered for the purpose of initiating a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Ping procedure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the continuity between endpoints in a network are provided. A process, according to one implementation, includes entering a first list of one or more Segment Identifiers (SIDs) into a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) request packet, the first list of one or more SIDs defining a Segment-Routing Traffic-Engineering (SR-TE) forward path from a source node to a destination node. The process also includes entering a second list of one or more SIDs into the BFD request packet, the second list of one or more SIDs defining an SR-TE reverse path back from the destination node that eliminates involvement of a BFD reflector of the destination node. Also, the process includes entering a revised-BFD request into the BFD request packet, the revised-BFD request having a Your Discriminator field set to a discriminator value associated with the source node.

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of multi-layer networks include receiving data associated with a network, wherein the network includes interconnected network elements that operate at a plurality of levels that include any of network layers and encapsulations; displaying a plurality of three-dimensional icons each represent one of a plurality of network elements of the interconnected network elements; and displaying links between the plurality of three-dimensional icons each link representing one of a network layer connection and an encapsulation connection.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a wafer or chip comprising a photonic integrated circuit comprises: an electrical signal interface module comprising an array of movable conducting structures; a photonic signal interface module attached to the electrical signal interface module, the photonic signal interface module comprising one or more optical fiber interfaces, and a first set of grating couplers arranged over at least a first plane of the photonic signal interface module; and one or more electrical signal connections between the electrical signal interface module and the photonic signal interface module.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device including a phase rotator configured to receive a read clock, a flip flop configured to obtain an incoming data stream, and a controller. The controller may be configured to control the phase rotator to perform phase rotation of the read clock based on information-carrying level transitions in the incoming data stream, cause a gapped read clock and an inversion of the gapped read clock to be derived in accordance with the phase rotation, where the gapped read clock being derived via gapping operations associated with the read clock, and output clock selection signals that enable the flip flop to selectively sample the incoming data stream using the gapped read clock and the inversion, thereby facilitating a data handoff between asynchronous clock domains. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods include receiving a request for a path in a network including a plurality of network elements interconnected to one another via links, wherein the request includes values for a plurality of criteria, wherein the plurality of criteria include one or more of trust, privacy, and secrecy; utilizing a multi-criteria path selection process to determine the path through the plurality of network elements over the links based on the plurality of criteria and the associated values; and providing a display of the determined path in a network map. The trust quantifies trustworthiness of each link in the network and the values of trust are any of a rating and a selection for inclusion or exclusion, the privacy quantifies a number of the links the network path is routed over for network obfuscation, and the secrecy quantifies a level of encryption utilized on the links.

Abstract: A line module for use in a network device a plurality of circuits; and a power module comprising at least one circuit, wherein the power module is connected to the plurality of circuits and a Power Distribution Unit (PDU), and the at least one circuit of the power module is configured to shut down one or more of the plurality of circuits until a current threshold is no longer exceeded by a current drawn from a power feed connected to the first PDU.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of layers arranged on top of one another and including at least one ground layer and a signal layer; a first set of signal pads and a second set of signal pads on the signal layer; and a slot formed in a portion of the at least one ground layer between the first set of signal pads and the second set of signal pads. The apparatus can include an optical assembly housed by the plurality of layers and connected to the first set of signal pads and the second set of signal pads. The optical assembly can include a micro Intradyne Coherent Receiver (?ICR), a Coherent Driver Modulator (CDM), or a Coherent Optical Subassembly (COSA).

Abstract: Systems and methods include receiving information from a governed system having resources; implementing one or more context neutral or specific control applications that each is a pipeline of a plurality of functions to control the resources; utilizing the information as one input to a first function in the plurality of functions; utilizing inputs from one or more control applications as inputs to any of the plurality of functions; and causing actions on the resources based on outputs of a last function in the plurality of functions. The plurality of functions can include sensing, discerning, inferring, deciding, and causing the actions.

Abstract: Systems and methods include providing a user interface visualizing a current state of an optical network; receiving user inputs related to capacity mining in the optical network; determining a future state with the capacity mining based on the user inputs; and providing the user interface visualizing the future state. The future state can be presented with respect to a failed link and restoration of traffic on the failed link. The future state can include a plurality of plans with a visualization showing how much of the traffic is restored based on different approaches to the capacity mining. The capacity mining can include configuring optical modems based on determined available excess capacity.

Abstract: Systems and methods for timing over a Metro Transport Networking (MTN) path include detecting a specific block in a stream of blocks, wherein each block is encoded based on a line code, and sampling an output of a clock to determine a timestamp reference based on detection of the specific block, and transmitting timing information based on the timestamp reference. The specific block can be a control block. The timing information can be transmitted via a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) message. The timing information can be transmitted via a plurality of subsequent specific blocks.

Abstract: Systems and methods for compensating for spectrum power offsets with respect to a target profile are provided. A method, according to one implementation, includes determining whether an upstream controller is currently performing an upstream action, or intends to perform the upstream action soon thereafter, with respect to an upstream power compensation unit. The method also includes determining whether there is a need to perform a local action with respect to the local power compensation unit. Furthermore, the method includes the step of performing the local action with respect to the local power compensation unit in response to determining that (a) the upstream controller is not currently performing the upstream action (or does not intend to perform the upstream action soon thereafter) and (b) there is a need to perform the local action.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for addressing issues caused by interruptions that may occur while operating under the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) 35.1 standard. A method, according to one implementation, includes obtaining PM data during a current Measurement Interval of an ongoing PM session in accordance with MEF 35.1. The PM data can be locally stored as a current dataset and reported at the end of the current Measurement Interval for storage in a history database. Following an interruption event that interrupts at least the current Measurement Interval, the method detects a recommencement event that clears the interruption event and allows a PM session to resume. The method further includes determining a number of Measurement Intervals affected by the interruption event based on an end time of a last-reported Measurement Interval and then inserting the number of affected Measurement Intervals into the history database after the last-reported Measurement Interval.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extended protection in a Segment Routing network that utilizes Flexible Algorithm include defining a first Flexible Algorithm that segregates the Segment Routing network into a first subset network that excludes any of links and nodes from the Segment Routing network; defining a second Flexible Algorithm that segregates the Segment Routing network into a second subset network, different from the first subset network; and defining extended protection for the first Flexible Algorithm with the second Flexible Algorithm whereby the second Flexible Algorithm is usable for path to protect the first Flexible Algorithm.