Abstract: In order to achieve optimized management of a pipeline system for transporting gas, oil or other products, the flow rates and pressures at various system locations are determined and regulated in real time. The configurations of compressors and valves which make it possible to minimize operating costs are determined in real time by computers.

Abstract: A method for effectuating the transmission and reception of digital data on frames on duplex links between transmitter and receiver stations. Data and command messages comprised of frames are transmitted from a transmitter station, each frame being comprised of a packet of data. The command and data messages are received by a receiver station which transmits acknowledgment frames back to the sending station. The transmitter station continues to send the command and data messages until their corresponding acknowledgment frames are received.

Abstract: A housing more particularly intended for encapsulating a wafer scale electronic circuit, realized in hybrid technology or integrated on semi-conducting substrate. In this housing:supply voltages are brought to different points disposed over the surface of the circuitlead-in circuits are constituted by conducting planes, placed in superimposed layers in the cover or the base of the housing.

Abstract: The method is applicable to protecting security documents of the type comprising a substrate bearing information which is to be protected from tampering, together with transparent protective layers of thermoplastic material heat sealed around said substrate. The method provides a set of pigment-retaining micro-holes in the substrate, said pigment being soluble in protective layer solvents. Any attempt at dissolving away the protective layers to gain access to the support for tampering with the information thereon, will also have the effect of making tell-tale marks on the support, as it absorbs the pigment is spread in the thickness of the support like ink in blotting paper.