Abstract: Adaptive channel aging detection to determine channel sounding intervals in a wireless network is provided. A station may receive data packets from an Access Point (AP) over a channel established between the AP and the station. The station may estimate a channel condition of the channel based on Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF) symbols in the data packets. The station may determine an amount of variation in the channel condition estimated so far from a latest Channel Sounding Information (CSI) report. The station may determine whether the latest CSI report is still valid based on the variation.

Abstract: Multi-Link Device (MLD) based relay support may be provided. Support a MLD relay can include provisioning a Virtual Media Access Control (vMAC) address for the MLD relay between a Transmitter STA (tSTA) and a Destination STA (dSTA). The MLD relay is configured, comprising determining a bridging configuration between a first link with the tSTA and a second link with the dSTA. A transmission from the tSTA is received via the first link, and the transmission is relayed to the dSTA via the second link.

Abstract: Network Allocation Vector (NAV) protection in a relay may be provided. Providing NAV protection in a relay can include determining a frame sequence for sending a data signal to a destination Station (dSTA). A Multi-User Request to Send (MU-RTS) is transmitted, the MU-RTS comprising a MU-RTS user information field with a plurality of available bits, the plurality of available bits including one or more frame sequence bits of indicating the frame sequence. One or more Clear to Send (CTS) signals is received, and the data signal is transmitted in response to receiving the CTS. One or more acknowledge signals are received based on the frame sequence.

Abstract: A method to continue Stream Classification Service (SCS) in roaming across Access Points (APs) in an Extended Service Set (ESS) may be provided. A first AP of the ESS may receive a SCS request from a station for a SCS flow. The SCS request may include a SCS identifier for the SCS flow and Quality of Service (QoS) resources requested for the SCS flow. The first AP may configure the QoS resources for the SCS flow at the first AP. A second AP of the ESS may receive a re-association request from the station in response to the station roaming to the second AP. The second AP may configure the QoS resources for the SCS flow at the second AP based on the re-association request.

Abstract: Authorization for stream classification service requests for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) traffic flows may be provided. An Access Point (AP) may receive a Stream Classification Service (SCS) request from a station for a P2P traffic flow. The SCS request may include a flow identifier for the P2P traffic flow and Quality of Service (QOS) resource requested for the P2P traffic flow. The AP may determine whether to grant the SCS request. Determining whether to grant the SCS request may include determining that a network policy allows the P2P traffic flow based on the flow identifier and determining that the AP can support the QoS resource requested for the P2P traffic flow.

Abstract: Coordinated Restricted Target Wait Time (rTWT) scheduling may be provided. Coordinated rTWT scheduling can be performed with an Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS), including determining one or more service periods for the OBSS. A coordinated rTWT service period frame is generated comprising one or more service period elements each associated with one of the one or more service periods for the OBSS. The coordinated rTWT service period frame is sent to a Station (STA), wherein the STA is operable to determine whether to communicate during the one or more service periods of the OBSS based on the one or more service period elements.

Abstract: Enabling secondary channel access during beacon and groupcast traffic and shortening the periods of beacon and groupcast traffic may be provided. Enabling secondary channel access can include advertising a capability to exchange traffic on secondary channels during beacon period. During a beacon period, beacons and groupcast traffic are transmitted on a primary channel and traffic is exchanged with the one or more clients on one or more secondary channels. Enabling secondary channel access between OBSSs can include one BSS transmitting beacons and groupcast traffic on a primary channel and another BSS exchanging traffic on secondary channels. Shortening beacon periods can include offsetting or otherwise organizing Delivery Traffic Indication Map (DTIM) beacons and groupcast traffic.

Abstract: Backscatter AMP device detection and characterization using Ultra Wideband (UWB) impulse radar may be provided. First, a computing device may transmit an UWB signal comprising pulses to a Backscatter Device (BKD). Next, the computing device may receive a reflection of the UWB signal from the BKD in response to the UWB signal. Then the computing device may locate the BKD using a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) of the reflection of the UWB signal.

Abstract: Access Point (AP) location techniques using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and, specifically, optimizing UWB location techniques to reduce collisions may be provided. AP location techniques using UWB can include determining a plurality of Access Point (AP) pairs. A schedule is determined for the plurality of AP pairs to perform AP-to-AP ranging, preamble codes are determined for each AP pair to manage cross-correlation between AP pairs of the plurality of AP pairs scheduled to perform AP-to-AP ranging simultaneously, wherein the plurality of AP pairs are operable to perform AP-to-AP ranging using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and according to the schedule and the preamble codes for each AP pair.

Abstract: Seamless roaming and client tracking using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) may be provided. Seamless roaming and client tracking using UWB can comprise receiving a request for a client to subscribe to an UWB seamless roaming and tracking service and receiving a coarse location of the client. A configuration is negotiated for UWB seamless roaming and tracking for the client. A plurality of UWB sessions are created and assigned to a plurality of Access Points (APs) based on the coarse location of the client, wherein the plurality of APs are operable to start the UWB sessions to perform UWB ranging of the client. Ranging reports are received from the plurality of APs, and a location of the client is determined based on the ranging reports.

Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) driven proactive scheduling may be provided. First, a proactive feedback module may be used that gathers user requests and device feedback. Next, an instructive interpreter module may be used that receives the user requests and the device feedback and produces instructive prompts based on the user requests and the device feedback. Then a user-reinforced scheduling optimization module may be used that receives responses to the instructive prompts and continuously enhances bandwidth scheduling based on the receives responses.

Abstract: Distributed Resource Units (DRUs) in Coordinated Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (C-OFDMA) may be provided. Using C-OFMA with DRUs can include determining to use with DRUs for a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP). Neighbor Access Point (AP) traffic information is requested from a neighbor AP, and the neighbor AP traffic information is received from the neighbor AP. A DRU assignment for the neighbor AP is determined based on the neighbor AP traffic information, and the DRU assignment is sent to the neighbor AP. Traffic is exchanged with one or more Stations (STAs) using C-OFDMA with DRUs during the TXOP, wherein the neighbor AP is operable to exchange neighbor AP traffic with one or more additional STAs during the TXOP using C-OFDMA with DRUs based on the DRU assignment.

Abstract: Recovering from recursive wireless client authentication failures may be provided. A re-association request may be received from a client device in response to the client device failing to authenticate with a network through an Access Point (AP) of the network. The re-association request may be processed. In response to processing of the re-association request resulting in another authentication failure for the client device through the AP, it may be determined that a number of authentication failures through the AP is greater than a predetermined number. An indication may be sent to the client device in response to determining that the number of authentication failures is greater than the predetermined number. The indication frame may trigger the client device to send a new association request instead of another re-association request.

Abstract: Signaling to identify a Stream Classification Service (SCS) flow using a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)/Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or an application Identifier (ID) may be provided. An Access Point (AP) may receive a SCS request from a station for a SCS flow. The SCS request may include a flow identifier for the SCS flow. The flow identifier may include a FDQN or an application ID for identifying the SCS flow. The AP may verify a network policy associated with the flow identifier for the SCS flow. The AP may process the SCS request for the SCS flow based on the network policy.

Abstract: Uniquely identifying an endpoint that connects to a network using multiple channel/bands may be provided. A client device may begin a first connection with an Access Point (AP). The client device is a multi-Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) capable device. The client device may generate a Multi-Wi-Fi Device Identifier (MWDI). The client device may send the MWDI to the AP during a four-way handshake for the first connection. The client device may begin a second connection with the AP after establishing the first connection. The client device may send the MWDI to the AP during a four-way handshake for the second connection. The AP may determine, based on the MWDI, that both the first connection and the second connection are originating from a same client device and apply a policy applied to the first connection also to the second connection.

Abstract: Opportunistic Key Caching (OKC) in Suite-B-192 Authentication and Key Management (AKM) may be provided. OKC in Suite-B-192 AKM can comprise performing an association process with a Station (STA). An initial Key Confirmation Key (KCK) can be received, and a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) Identifier (PMKID) is determined based on the initial KCK. A four-way handshake is performed to derive one or more keys using the PMKID.

Abstract: Relay management and specifically to encapsulated management and data frames and methods to create and delete relays may be provided. Relay management can include receiving a relay support announcement from a Relay Station (rSTA), the relay support announcement identifying a Transmitter STA (tSTA) the rSTA can provide relay support for. A relay request frame can be sent to the rSTA, the relay request frame indicating to establish a relay with the tSTA. A relay formation confirmation frame can be received from the rSTA to establish the relay.

Abstract: Proxy Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) support and specifically to providing proxy ARP support in Access Point (AP) Multi-Link Devices (MLDs) may be provided. Proxy ARP support can include, in response to a Multi-Link Operation (MLO) reconfiguration, waiting for a period. After the period, it is determined a removed link was removed during the MLO reconfiguration. A proxy ARP request associated with the removed link is dropped, and proxy ARP reconfiguration is performed. A proxy ARP cache is maintained based on the proxy ARP reconfiguration.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable media for using a sponsor as a proxy for multi-factor authentication of a first user account for a first user when a primary multi-factor authentication mechanism is unavailable to the first user account, comprising registering the sponsor in a multi-factor authentication chain of trust associated with the first user account; requesting verification of an identity of the first user from the sponsor; receiving, from the sponsor, a verification of the identity of the first user; and granting access to a service to the first user account.

Abstract: Techniques for utilizing a network gateway provisioned in a software-defined network to verify service readiness of one or more security service(s) of a service chain prior to redirecting network traffic along a given data-path to the security service(s). The gateway may be configured to open a specific port on a network device hosting a security service to transmit network policies and/or test network traffic to the security service. The network gateway may host a virtual source and/or a virtual destination and cause the virtual source to send test network traffic through the security service via the port and to the virtual destination. The gateway may then utilize the received test network traffic to determine whether a given security service satisfies a threshold health and/or functionality measurement. Once it is determined that the security service satisfies the thresholds, the gateway may cause network traffic to be redirected to the security service.