Abstract: A method and apparatus for using a single computer program code base to provide a program that is operable in either a client-server mode or a standalone mode are provided. In one embodiment, a client logic element has one or more proxy objects, each of which implement an interface that is neutral with respect to the client-server mode and the standalone mode. A server logic element has one or more service objects. Each of the service objects implements the interface. The interface implementations are not bound to any code that is specific to the client-server version or the standalone version. In the stand-alone version, the client side logic invokes the server side logic directly through the interfaces, as implemented by the service objects. In the client-server version, the client side logic invokes the server side logic through the same set of Java interfaces.

Abstract: A feedback-based adaptive network is described wherein at least a portion of the network elements report operating information relating to network conditions to a centralized data store. The information which is reported to the data store is analyzed by a policy engine which includes a plurality of application specific plug-in policies for analyzing selected information from the data store and for computing updated control information based upon the analysis of the information. The updated control information is fed back to selected network elements to thereby affect operation of the selected elements. Typically, when the operation of a network element has been affected, its corresponding operating information will change. The new or changed network element operating information is then reported to the data store and analyzed by the policy engine. The policy engine may then generate new or updated control information for affecting the operation of selected elements in the network.

Abstract: Communicating voice over a packet-switching network is implemented on a telecommunications network that includes the packet-switching network, two coding units coupled to the packet-switching network and to an originating node and a terminating node, respectively, and at least one signaling apparatus. The first of the two coding units is configured to extract signaling data associated with the voice call and transmit the signaling data and its network address to the signaling apparatus. Signaling data for establishing the voice call is received by the signaling apparatus, and a network address of the coding unit in the packet-switching network is obtained. The second coding unit is controlled to establish a bearer channel with the first coding unit for carrying the voice data through the packet-switching network, based on the network address.

Abstract: To ensure fair access to upstream trunk bandwidth among a plurality of interface units, a plurality of queues is provided in a first unit. One of the queues is associated with the first interface unit. Each of the remaining queues is associated with one of a plurality of second interface units. Local data is received by the first interface unit and forwarded to the associated queue. Data received from a second, subtended interface unit is forwarded to a queue which associated with the second interface unit. Data is then issued from the queues according to a fairness algorithm. A unique identifier is assigned to each interface unit. Associating a queue with an interface unit is done by associating the queue with the respective interface unit's identifier. In each interface unit, local data is tagged with the instant interface unit's identifier, and received data is forwarded to a queue according to the data's tag.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for testing linked list integrity. The method includes storing a plurality of link pointers in memory in association with respective integrity parameters. The link pointers point to a next location in the memory storing a subsequent link pointer in the linked list. The method also includes reading the stored integrity parameter for at least one of the link pointers. The method also includes determining whether the value of the read integrity parameter matches the value of the stored integrity parameter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transceiving multiple service data from multiple communication services to a SONET/SDH communication system or network is provided. A SONET/SDH universal framer (SURF) bidirectionally provides communication between a SONET/SDH communication port and multiple service communication ports using their native data format. A provisioning register stores provisioning information describing the communication system and the communication ports. A SONET/SDH byte engine processes complex hierarchical SONET/SDH frames storing intermediate states when it changes to process a byte of data of a different STS-1 equivalent frame in a SONET/SDH STS-N frame. A service byte engine processes the multitude of service data formats and generally its intermediate states are restored, processed, and saved when it changes to process a different data stream or a different frame of data of a given service.

Abstract: A phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to provide a VCO frequency signal, a frequency offset circuit including a mixer accepting the VCO frequency signal and a signal from a second oscillator to produce a shifted-frequency signal having a frequency significantly lower than the VCO output frequency, a programmable divider accepting the shifted-frequency signal and dividing the frequency of the shifted-frequency signal by a settable amount, a phase detector to compare the phase of the output of the programmable divider to that of a reference oscillator and produce a phase difference signal; and a loop filter to filter a function of the phase difference to produce a control input to the VCO. The offset circuit shifts down the frequency without increasing the divide ratio of the loop as would a prescaler achieving the same frequency conversion as the frequency offset circuit.

Abstract: A feedback-based adaptive network is described wherein at least a portion of the network elements report operating information relating to network conditions to a centralized data store. The information which is reported to the data store is analyzed by a policy engine which includes a plurality of application specific plug-in policies for analyzing selected information from the data store and for computing updated control information based upon the analysis of the information. The updated control information is fed back to selected network elements to thereby affect operation of the selected elements. Additionally the adaptive, feedback-based network of the present invention may include a network quality monitoring system for evaluating performance characteristics or other aspects of the network based upon predetermined standards or criteria.

Abstract: A system and method for enabling interoperation and partnering that permit software application products and/or hardware device products to interoperate over a network such as the Internet in a way unpresupposed by the products are disclosed. The Internet Application Partnering (IAP) system may be implemented in a processor comprising a structure, software, and configuration. The method includes locating an IAPS processor by an originating IAP application, sending an IAP application identification message to the IAPS processor, negotiating the IAPS identification number and field size as well as the sizes of the event code and data field, and event messaging.

Abstract: A system (10) includes a network (12) of the type used to interconnect computers, and includes a plurality of telephone units (21-26) which are coupled to the network. These telephone units have sufficient embedded intelligence so that they can carry out all of their intended functionality as telephones. The system thus does not include a physically separate master control computer which is coupled to the network to serve as a call manager server or key system unit that treats the telephones as slaves. Each telephone has a manually operable device such as thumbwheels (108), which can be used to specify a unique number that forms part of the network address of the telephone and which also serves as the extension number for that telephone. One or more of the telephones can optionally be coupled to respective telephone lines (31-33) of a conventional public switching telephone network (36).

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for computing the shortest protectable paths in communication networks, and a method for establishing and defining protected paths. The invention utilizes a new algorithm to exclude from consideration as the “shortest path” between two network elements, a path for which adequate protection cannot be established. Such an unprotectable path will contain one or more unprotectable links. These unprotectable links can be identified and excluded based upon whether or not the link is a member of a loop. Because there are several more computational steps in defining the protected paths, after the shortest path has been found, the initial exclusion of unprotectable path segments from consideration eliminates the potential waste of computational resources leading to a more rapid and efficient routing and provisioning of reliable network paths and circuits.

Abstract: A method of testing a primary device for two-way communication between the primary device and one or more other devices in communication therewith in a network. The method may include receiving a packet containing an originating device identifier at the primary device; adding a primary device identifier to the packet; transmitting the packet containing the originating device identifier and the primary device identifier from the primary device; and receiving a reply packet and detecting two-way communication if the reply packet contains the originating device identifier and the primary device identifier. A system for testing a primary device for two-way communication between the primary device and the other devices coupled to the primary device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for generating and checking CRC values using a multi-byte CRC generator and a binary Galois field (“GF2”) multiplier. These methods and apparatus could be used in an unlimited number of applications and environments, such as part of computer or communications device (e.g., router or switch). The CRC generator and/or checker may be implemented singularly or in a combination of technologies, including, but not limited to, software, firmware, hardware, customized circuitry, application-specific integrated circuits, etc. A CRC generator is used to calculate a preliminary CRC value on a block of information. This CRC generator may be a balanced XOR tree or some other implementation, which calculates the preliminary CRC value on groups of n bytes of data at a time, where n is some integer greater than one. For example, when data is transferred over a 512 wide bit bus, typically the value of n would be 64 (i.e., 512 bits divided by 8 bits per byte).

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which processes upstream multicast packets and downstream multicast packets in a manner such as to avoid the problem of multicast echo which is generated from a host gateway. For upstream multicast packets, a method is provided which includes: extracting the source network address from the upstream multicast packet; storing said source network address in a table corresponding to the destination host gateway of the packet; and forwarding the upstream multicast packet to the destination network address.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for optimizing IP multicast data transmission in a mobile IP environment include a Foreign Agent that is capable of receiving an information request associated with a host membership report sent from a mobile node and for providing information identifying a Home Agent associated with the mobile node to a multicast router process to enable the multicast router process to send a join host group message to the Home Agent. A Home Agent receives the join host group message and sends the join host group message toward a source of IP multicast data packets. Both the Foreign Agent and the Home Agent set up a data path between the Home Agent and the Foreign Agent, thereby enabling data packets addressed to the multicast group address to be forwarded by the Home Agent to the Foreign Agent. The Home Agent does not replicate multicast IP data packets addressed to the multicast group address prior to being forwarded by the Home Agent to the Foreign Agent.

Abstract: A method is provided for rendering compatible with each other devices that use the data formats BBDD and BDBD for an 18-bit word and 144 Kbs network communication. The word is divided into two B segments and two D segments. The second word segment is interchanged with the third word segment. A bit rearranging unit is placed in the path of the data. It receives a word, and retransmits it after interchanging the second segment with the third segment. A device is also provided that includes the bit rearranging unit, a controller, and memory with software made according to the invention. The software monitors whether received transmission is incompatible, and if so, directs the bit rearranging unit to switch formats.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for communicating information and carrying out other interactions between a browser and an application program. A hyperaction protocol is defined that enables a browser to directly call functions of an application program executed by a separate server over a public network. In one embodiment, in the course of parsing and displaying an HTML document or other HTML source text, a browser encounters or receives a hyperaction request of the form “hyperaction://<ApplicationAction>#<Payload>.” In response, the browser identifies a function or other action of a separate application. The browser calls that function of the application over the network and provides the payload. When a response is received, the browser extracts data values or function results provided by the application. As a result, a browser can directly interact with an application without using scripts or other awkward mechanisms of existing protocols.

Abstract: A unified web-based voice messaging system provides voice application control between a web browser and an application server via an hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) connection on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The web browser receives an HTML page from the application server having an XML element that defines data for an audio operation to be performed by an executable audio resource. The application server executes the voice-enabled web application by runtime execution of extensible markup language (XML) documents that define the voice-enabled web application to be executed. The application server, in response to receiving a user request from a user, accesses a selected XML page that defines at least a part of the voice application to be executed for the user. The application server then parses the XML page, and executes the operation describer by the XML page.

Abstract: A method and system for use in data communications. The method and system substantially ensure that actual data transmission per unit time from at least one input-buffered crossbar switch ingress to at least one input-buffered crossbar switch egress substantially satisfies a designated target amount of actual data transmission per unit time.

Abstract: A system for controlling the effects of “glitching” on a high speed digital bus using one or more level sensitive latches. Reductions in the propagation of intermediate transitioning data results in reduced power consumption by the digital circuit, which is particularly important in wireless communication applications.