Abstract: A controller and method have been described for use in conjunction with a sequential display system including a display having a plurality of pixels. A series of update cycles is performed on the display to establish the grayscale value of each pixel for viewing on the display based on the pixel values for a video frame by selectively switching each pixel responsive to the update cycles such that a total number of the update cycles is less than the total number of pixel values of the frame. Statistical characterization of frame data can be the basis of the reduction of the number of update cycles.

Abstract: A combustion pressure sensor is formed of a ring-shaped cylindrical body. The combustion pressure sensor detects combustion pressure in a combustion chamber of an engine by being attached to an outer periphery of a tip of a functional component attached to the combustion chamber. The cylindrical body forms sealed space sealed with a ring-shaped diaphragm on one side and with a ring-shaped support member on an opposite side. The sealed space is defined by an external cylindrical member and an internal cylindrical member coaxial with each other. The diaphragm has a ring-shaped pressure receiving part formed on a side near the combustion chamber to receive pressure from outside and a ring-shaped transmitting part formed on a rear surface of the diaphragm. A pressure transmitting member and a pressure detecting element are provided in the sealed space.

Abstract: A combustion pressure detection device for detecting combustion pressure inside a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the combustion pressure detection device being attachable to a communication hole communicating an inside of a cylinder head configuring the combustion chamber and an outside thereof, the combustion pressure detection device includes: a housing; and an piezoelectric element and the like that are located in the housing and detect the combustion pressure. The housing has an attachment structural part attachable to the communication hole, the attachment structural part has a third outer peripheral surface to which a first seal member is attachable, and a inclined surface to which a second seal member is attachable, and the inclined surface is arranged at a front end side in a direction to the combustion chamber relative to the third outer peripheral surface when the combustion pressure detection device is attached to the communication hole.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a single LTGA crystal from a polycrystalline starting material prepared from a mixture of La2O3, Ta2O5, Ga2O3, and Al2O3, wherein a mixture having a composition represented by y(La2O3)+(1?x?y?z)(Ta2O5)+z(Ga2O3)+x(Al2O3) (in the formula, 0<x?0.40/9, 3.00/9<y?3.23/9, and 5.00/9?z<5.50/9) is used as the polycrystalline starting material, and a single LTGA crystal is grown using the Z-axis as a crystal growth axis. The grown LTGA single crystal is preferably subjected to a vacuum heat treatment. The single LTGA crystal grown by the method according to the present invention, which is highly insulative and highly stable, can be utilized in such applications as a piezoelectric element of a highly reliable combustion pressure sensor useful in measurement of a combustion pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine fitted with a combustion pressure detection device includes: an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber, a pressure detection device having a housing, a diaphragm, and a detection member, and having a shoulder part. The diaphragm is provided on the front end side of the housing and the detection member arranged inside the housing and behind the diaphragm, allowing it to detect the pressure working via the diaphragm. Also provided is a second seal member in a ring shape that seals the opening in the combustion chamber and the housing in the shoulder part of the housing in the pressure detection device.

Abstract: A cylinder internal-pressure sensor is provided with a housing unit 2 composed of an outer cylinder portion 2e and an inner cylinder portion 2i having elastic portions 2es and 2is having elasticity in an axial direction Fs formed on an intermediate portion Xm in the axial direction Fs; a pressure-receiving ring block portion 3 hermetically fixed between the outer cylinder portion 2e and the inner cylinder portion 2i located on the fronts of the elastic portions 2es and 2is and faced with the rear of the elastic portions 2e and 2i through the elastic portions 2e and 2i and having a front surface 3f as a pressure receiving surface; at least one or more pressure detection elements 5a, 5b, 5c, . . .

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed that can provide for voltage translation and conversion that can be applied, as an example, in a microdisplay including a plurality of pixels that are driven at a pixel drive voltage. A pixel is configured to receive a lower pixel drive voltage for one state of the pixel and an upper pixel drive voltage for an opposite state of the pixel. A memory circuit selectively couples the pixel to the lower voltage and the upper pixel drive voltage in response to control signals operable between the lower voltage and an intermediate voltage level that is less than the upper pixel drive voltage.

Abstract: Drive voltages of a liquid crystal display are adjusted based on one or more environmental conditions. The pixel drive voltages may be adjusted based on temperature. A pixel voltage may be varied such that it is a higher voltage at relatively lower temperatures and a lower voltage at relatively higher temperatures. The window voltage may be varied based on temperature. The window voltage may be stepped through different values within a display phase. The window voltage may be varied during a blanking period of the display phase such that the pixel sees a relatively larger voltage to obtain a desired initial state more quickly. Then, during a light modulating time period, the window voltage may be stepped such that there is a lower voltage field for holding the state of the pixel.

Abstract: A cylinder internal-pressure sensor is provided with a housing unit 2 composed of an outer cylinder portion 2e and an inner cylinder portion 2i having elastic portions 2es and 2is having elasticity in an axial direction Fs formed on an intermediate portion Xm in the axial direction Fs; a pressure-receiving ring block portion 3 hermetically fixed between the outer cylinder portion 2e and the inner cylinder portion 2i located on the fronts of the elastic portions 2es and 2is and faced with the rear of the elastic portions 2e and 2i through the elastic portions 2e and 2i and having a front surface 3f as a pressure receiving surface; at least one or more pressure detection elements 5a, 5b, 5c, . . .

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, barriers for reflective pixels electrodes of display devices and methods are disclosed. In one such embodiment, a reflective spatial light modulator for a display device has a plurality of reflective pixel electrodes. Each reflective pixel electrode may include a conductor, a tantalum containing barrier over the conductor, and a conductive reflector over the conductive barrier.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides a chiral host-guest composition for a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture, the host-guest composition comprising a chiral guest compound and an achiral host compound, wherein the host-guest composition induces a greater degree of polarization in the liquid crystal mixture than is induced in the mixture with a comparable amount of the chiral guest compound in the absence of the achiral host compound. The chiral guest is a fluorinated compound comprising a aryl or heteroaryl core substituted with an alkyl chain, wherein the alkyl chain includes one or more fluorine atoms, each fluorine atom being bonded to a chiral carbon atom. The achiral host possesses a central thiadiazole core, with at least one aryl/heteroaryl wing, further substituted with alkyl or alkoxy groups.

Abstract: Ionic mesogenic compounds of formula (I) can be used to form liquid crystal displays, such as ferroelectric liquid crystal displays, having enhanced anti-image sticking properties. The mesogenic compounds may contain a cationic group such as an ammonium or phosphonium group bonded to an alkyl chain that is terminally bonded to a para-substituted pyrimidyl benzene moiety. The counterion can be an organic or inorganic anion. The compounds can be used either as dopants in art ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions to reduce image sticking, or can be used as the primary or predominant component of a liquid crystal display system. Additional compounds, devices, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions including organic ion pair compounds wherein image sticking is reduced or eliminated. Use of the ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device allows for rapid image refresh rates without required a DC-balancing algorithm. The organic ion pair compounds provide electrical resistivity values for the compositions that result in reduced image sticking when the compositions are used in FLC display devices.

Abstract: An illumination system for a pico-projector that provides polarization conversion includes the combination of an optical element with a series of stacked, elongated PBSs, where alternate ones of the PBSs have a half-wave plate film applied to a back side thereof and a retarder stack film (RSF) that flips or passes different linear polarization orientations based on the wavelength of light. This combination is placed at a position in the illumination system where the impinging light is collimated to at least some degree.

Abstract: Methods and devices for generating grayscale using digital pulse width modulation between optical states. Grayscale may be generated for each component color using multiple algorithm cycles per display field. Subsets of binary weighted bit values for data values of each component color may be split across algorithm cycles to reduce the number of data comparisons per color per display field. The total number of data comparisons per color per display field may be reduced by half or more.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the provision of a physical quantity sensor that can suppress noise caused by external vibrations, while also suppressing variations in output signal caused by variations in reference voltage. The physical quantity sensor includes an oscillator which converts an externally applied physical quantity into an electrical signal, a reference signal generating circuit which outputs a reference signal; an oscillator circuit which causes the oscillator to oscillate by applying an oscillator signal produced based on the reference signal, and a detector circuit which detects an output signal of the oscillator by multiplying the output signal by the oscillator signal and dividing the reference signal.

Abstract: A gamma variation of image intensity is created by varying the illumination intensity during a pulse width modulated display time period. During the pulse width modulated display time period a ramp signal may be compared with the image data to determine when pixel electrodes of the pixel array are switched. The illumination intensity may be varied in concert with ramp signal to produce a quadratic variation of displayed intensity on image data value. The illumination source could be an LED illumination source and intensity of the LED illumination source could be controlled using pulse width modulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are illumination systems especially suitable for very small data projectors, called pico projectors. The disclosed illumination systems provide high optical efficiency for projectors that need polarized light but utilize unpolarized light sources such as light-emitting diodes. Some of the disclosed illumination systems make use of light sources of different colors, and provide polarization conversion in ways based on color-selective elements of a variety of different types to convert substantially all the light emitted by the light sources to a single polarization, without increasing the effective optical extent of the source. Other disclosed illumination system provide compact ways to combine light from differently colored light sources without the use of bulky x-cube or angled dichroic elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods for modular projection that enable a flexible and extendible modular picoprojector system with multiple projector modules and application modules that may be interconnected in a variety of ways for various applications and use models. The systems and methods include connectors and interfaces that enable rapid design of various types of modules for a modular picoprojection system. The systems and methods also include orientation and compatibility features that may be employed in a modular picoprojection system to control connections of various modules with specific features and functions.