Abstract: Heat is generated by combustion of coal or like carbonaceous fuel reactant dissolved in molten salt. The generated heat is transferred to steam by an alternating sequence of direct contact heat exchanges of the salt and steam with a common heat transfer medium.

Abstract: Apparatus for the processing of solid fuel hydrocarbons including a reactor for hydrogenation of the fuel reactant and a combustion reactor for oxidation of the residuum from the first reactor, the solid fuel reactant being dissolved in molten salt throughout its processing; and heat recovery means including a molten metal loop and a steam loop whereby the excess heat from the hydrogenation and oxidation reactors, present in the molten salt reaction matrix, is recovered in molten metal and transferred to the steam loop for energy production while avoiding cross contamination of the steam loop with salt from the reaction loop, and vice-versa.

Abstract: Heat is generated by combustion of coal or like carbonaceous fuel reactant dissolved in molten salt. The generated heat is transferred to steam by an alternating sequence of direct contact heat exchanges of the salt and steam with a common heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A carbonaceous fuel reactant residuum, remaining following devolatilization of a solid fuel reactant such as coal and dissolved in molten salt is used to reduce group VIII metal ores.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting an hydrogenation of e.g. bituminous coal in dissolved state in molten inorganic salts with active hydrogen derived in situ from dissociated steam and recovery of hydrocarbon vapor products sequentially evolved throughout the reaction zone by progressively stripping later evolved vapors with earlier evolved vapors passed differentially through the reaction stream.

Abstract: Heat is generated by combustion of coal or like carbonaceous fuel reactant dissolved in molten salt. The generated heat is transferred to steam by an alternating sequence of direct contact heat exchanges of the salt and steam with a common heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A heat transfer-integrated hydrocarbon and heat energy producing system for coal treatment or like carbonaceous solid fuel reactant for the co-production of hydrocarbons and heat energy, this system including introducing a single phase molten salt solution of the reactant into a first reaction zone, generating active hydrogen by steam dissociation within the zone, contacting the reactant with the active hydrogen within the first zone and under hydrogenating conditions sufficient to hydrogenate the relatively more reactive 50 to 85% by weight portion of the reactant, separating overhead a stream comprising produced hydrocarbons and recovering the hydrocarbons; passing the first reaction zone effluent comprising a molten salt solution of the reactant to a second reaction zone, introducing an oxidizing gas into the solution in the zone under combustion conditions sufficient to substantially completely oxidize the unreacted reactant with the release of heat of combustion into the molten salt, passing combustion g

Abstract: Coal of the subanthracite type and like carbonaceous feedstocks of high molecular weight are soluble in molten inorganic salts while their hydrocarbon vapor hydrogenation products are not. The process and apparatus described utilizes these phenomena to effect an hydrogenation of e.g., bituminous coal in dissolved state in molten inorganic salt with active hydrogen derived in situ from dissociated steam and recovery of hydrocarbon vapor products sequentially evolved throughout the reaction zone by progressively stripping later evolved vapors with earlier evolved vapors passed differentially through the reaction stream thereby driving the hydrogenation reaction forward and collecting the coalesced vapors as product.

Abstract: Heat is generated by combustion of coal or like carbonaceous fuel reactant dissolved in molten salt. The generated heat is transferred to steam by an alternating sequence of direct contact heat exchanges of the salt and steam with a common heat transfer medium.