Abstract: An electrically conductive membrane pressure switch, such as a graphene membrane pressure switch. The electrically conductive membrane pressure switch includes an electrically conductive membrane, source, drain plane, actuator, and movable element (such as a piston element). The actuator drives the movable element to create a pressure differential that moves the suspended section of the electrically conductive membrane between its on, off, and neutral states.

Abstract: Electroacoustic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize drivers having a magnetic negative spring (MNS) (such as reluctance assist drivers (RAD) and permanent magnet crown (PMC) drivers). The electroacoustic drivers can be used at all audio frequencies, including subwoofer frequencies. The magnetic negative springs of the electroacoustic drivers can cancel, or partially cancel, the large pressure forces on a sound panel (of an audio speaker) so that substantial subwoofer notes can be efficiently and cost effectively produced in small/portable speakers. The electroacoustic drivers can include a stabilizing/centering mechanism to overcome the destabilizing forces of a MNS that are too large for a voice coil alone to produce.

Abstract: Electroacoustic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize drivers having a magnetic negative spring (MNS) (such as reluctance assist drivers (RAD) and permanent magnet crown (PMC) drivers). The electroacoustic drivers can be used at all audio frequencies, including subwoofer frequencies. The magnetic negative springs of the electroacoustic drivers can cancel, or partially cancel, the large pressure forces on a sound panel (of an audio speaker) so that substantial subwoofer notes can be efficiently and cost effectively produced in small/portable speakers. The electroacoustic drivers can include a stabilizing/centering mechanism to overcome the destabilizing forces of a MNS that are too large for a voice coil alone to produce.

Abstract: Electroacoustic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize drivers having a magnetic negative spring (MNS) (such as reluctance assist drivers (RAD) and permanent magnet crown (PMC) drivers). The electroacoustic drivers can be used at all audio frequencies, including subwoofer frequencies. The magnetic negative springs of the electroacoustic drivers can cancel, or partially cancel, the large pressure forces on a sound panel (of an audio speaker) so that substantial subwoofer notes can be efficiently and cost effectively produced in small/portable speakers. The electroacoustic drivers can include a stabilizing/centering mechanism to overcome the destabilizing forces of a MNS that are too large for a voice coil alone to produce.

Abstract: Voice coil actuators and loudspeakers containing same. The voice coil actuators include moving voice coil assemblies that have multiple segments. Each segment of a moving voice coil assembly is separately controlled by an amplifier, one channel of an amplifier, and combinations thereof utilized in combination with a position sensor that senses the position of the moving voice coil assembly. By this arrangement, the voice coil actuators produce a linear force per unit current throughout the range of motion while obtaining the benefits and advantages associated with both over-hung and under-hung voice coil actuator designs.

Abstract: Electroacoustic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize drivers having a magnetic negative spring (MNS) (such as reluctance assist drivers (RAD) and permanent magnet crown (PMC) drivers). The electroacoustic drivers can be used at all audio frequencies, including subwoofer frequencies. The magnetic negative springs of the electroacoustic drivers can cancel, or partially cancel, the large pressure forces on a sound panel (of an audio speaker) so that substantial subwoofer notes can be efficiently and cost effectively produced in small/portable speakers. The electroacoustic drivers can include a stabilizing/centering mechanism to overcome the destabilizing forces of a MNS that are too large for a voice coil alone to produce.

Abstract: Electroacoustic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize drivers having a magnetic negative spring (MNS) (such as reluctance assist drivers (RAD) and permanent magnet crown (PMC) drivers). The electroacoustic drivers can be used at all audio frequencies, including subwoofer frequencies. The magnetic negative springs of the electroacoustic drivers can cancel, or partially cancel, the large pressure forces on a sound panel (of an audio speaker) so that substantial subwoofer notes can be efficiently and cost effectively produced in small/portable speakers. The electroacoustic drivers can include a stabilizing/centering mechanism to overcome the destabilizing forces of a MNS that are too large for a voice coil alone to produce.

Abstract: Force transducers for use in electrostatic drivers, including electrostatic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize drivers having a magnetic negative spring (MNS) (such as reluctance assist drivers (RAD) and permanent magnet crown (PMC) drivers). The electroacoustic drivers having the force transducers can be used at all audio frequencies, including subwoofer frequencies.

Abstract: Electroacoustic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize drivers having a magnetic negative spring (MNS) (such as reluctance assist drivers (RAD) and permanent magnet crown (PMC) drivers). The electroacoustic drivers can be used at all audio frequencies, including subwoofer frequencies. The magnetic negative springs of the electroacoustic drivers can cancel, or partially cancel, the large pressure forces on a sound panel (of an audio speaker) so that substantial subwoofer notes can be efficiently and cost effectively produced in small/portable speakers. The electroacoustic drivers can include a stabilizing/centering mechanism to overcome the destabilizing forces of a MNS that are too large for a voice coil alone to produce.

Abstract: Dipole audio speakers, and more particularly, voice controlled dipole audio speakers having at least one microphone located substantially along the null sound plane of the dipole audio speaker. An improved loudspeaker system that produces an improved audio quality for stereophonic sound. The improved loudspeaker utilizes conventional electro-dynamic drivers in a sealed chamber that produce sound primarily in the 20-300 Hz band coupled with electrostatic card stack drivers placed outside the sealed chamber that cover the remaining 98% of the audio frequency spectrum (300 Hz to 20 kHz). The improved loudspeaker system can also include multiple card stack drivers that are placed at angles with respect to each other to maximize audio fidelity.

Abstract: An improved loudspeaker system that produces an improved audio quality for stereophonic sound, which can be described as 3D audio. In one embodiment, the improved loudspeaker utilizes at least three stacks of electrostatic transducer cards, with one of the stacks located between the other two stacks. While there is generally some crossover between the frequencies of the stacks of electrostatic transducers, the middle stack will be directed to the lower frequency ranges and the other two stacks will be directed to the higher frequency ranges. Each of the three card stacks will utilize multi-track audio recordings, such as two-track audio recordings, which are modified for each of the three card stacks. In an alternative embodiment, the improved loudspeaker can utilize a conventional voice-coil driver in lieu of the middle stack of electrostatic transducer cards.

Abstract: Electroacoustic drivers that can be utilized in loudspeaker systems that utilize bidirectional force electromagnet transducers or piezoelectric transducers. The electroacoustic drivers can include motion amplifiers such as lever arms. The electroacoustic drivers can be used at all audio frequencies including frequencies below 500 Hz.

Abstract: Nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) devices that utilize thin electrically conductive membranes, which can be, for example, graphene membranes. The membrane-based NEMS devices can be used as sensors, electrical relays, adjustable angle mirror devices, variable impedance devices, and devices performing other functions. The NEMS devices have a serpentine shape arrangement of the electrically conductive membrane. The electrically conductive membrane can be controllably wicked down on the edge of the oxide cavity to increase sensitivity of the NEMS device.

Abstract: An improved compact electroacoustic transducer and loudspeaker system. The electroacoustic transducer (or array of electroacoustic transducers) can generate a desired sound by the use of pressurized airflow. The electroacoustic transducer does not have frames (unlike prior electroacoustic transducers) and an electrically conductive membrane is now supported by a pair of non-conductive vent members.

Abstract: Nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) sensor devices that utilize thin electrically conductive membranes, which can be, for example, graphene membranes. The NEMS devices can have a trough shape (such as a serpentine shape arrangement) of the electrically conductive membrane. The thin, electrically conductive membrane has membrane-structures disposed upon it in an array of cavities. These membrane structures are between the thin, electrically conductive membrane and the main membrane trace. Such an arrangement increases the sensitivity of the NEMS sensor device. The electrically conductive membrane can be controllably wicked down on the edge of the oxide cavity to increase the sensitivity of the NEMS sensor device. Such NEMS sensor devices include NEMS sensor devices that are well suited to applications that measure magnetic fields that, operate below 10 kHz, such as brain-computer interfaces.

Abstract: An improved loudspeaker system that produces an improved audio quality for stereophonic sound, which can be described as 3D audio. In one embodiment, the improved loudspeaker utilizes at least three stacks of electrostatic transducer cards, with one of the stacks located between the other two stacks. While there is generally some crossover between the frequencies of the stacks of electrostatic transducers, the middle stack will be directed to the lower frequency ranges and the other two stacks will be directed to the higher frequency ranges. Each of the three card stacks will utilize multi-track audio recordings, such as two-track audio recordings, which are modified for each of the three card stacks. In an alternative embodiment, the improved loudspeaker can utilize a conventional voice-coil driver in lieu of the middle stack of electrostatic transducer cards.

Abstract: A case-baffle-stand system utilized with a dipole speaker, in which the case-baffle-stand system has a cover that, when opened, is a baffle to enhance the sound waves emitting from the speaker system and is also a stand to stabilize the speaker in its proper standing orientation, and when closed, protects the speaker.

Abstract: Audio devices that have microphones, and particularly to secure loudspeaker microphone systems and loudspeakers that have and use same. The device includes a loudspeaker, one or more microphones, a first mute switch for turning on and off the one or more microphones via software or electrical circuitry, and a second mute switch that is an electromechanical switch that removes all power to the one or more microphones.

Abstract: Dipole audio speakers, and more particularly, voice controlled dipole audio speakers having at least one microphone located substantially along the null sound plane of the dipole audio speaker. An improved loudspeaker system that produces an improved audio quality for stereophonic sound. The improved loudspeaker utilizes conventional electro-dynamic drivers in a sealed chamber that produce sound primarily in the 20-300 Hz band coupled with electrostatic card stack drivers placed outside the sealed chamber that cover the remaining 98% of the audio frequency spectrum (300 Hz to 20 kHz). The improved loudspeaker system can also include multiple card stack drivers that are placed at angles with respect to each other to maximize audio fidelity.

Abstract: An improved compact electroacoustic transducer and loudspeaker system. The electroacoustic transducer (or array of electroacoustic transducers) can generate a desired sound by the use of pressurized airflow. The electroacoustic transducer does not have frames (unlike prior electroacoustic transducers) and an electrically conductive membrane is now supported by a pair of non-conductive vent members.