Abstract: A powdered pre-operative beverage composition has one or more carbohydrates and L-citrulline. The composition can further have a CNS stimulant, a sweetener, citric acid, L-theanine, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, Vitamin A, and at least one flavor enhancing agent. The composition remains clear when mixed with water. The composition, when mixed with water has an osmolarity of about 265 milliosmole to about 300 milliosmole and a pH about 3.7 to about 4.5. A total energy available from the one or more carbohydrates in one serving of the composition is at least about 200 calories.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of administering pre-operative beverage compositions to be ingested by a patient prior to administration of anesthesia or sedation in preparation for a safe induction of anesthesia or sedation in a patient before surgery. The beverage has one or more carbohydrates, wherein the total Calories available from the carbohydrates is at least about 200 and wherein the one or more carbohydrates are the sole source of significant Calories in the beverage, an acid, in a quantity sufficient to result in a pH of at least about 3.7 to about 4.5 and to enhance the shelf life and flavor of the beverage, a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is also a cerebro-vasoconstrictor, a sweetener, and water. The beverage composition, when ingested at least about two hours prior to administration of anesthesia or sedation is effective to relieve one or more symptoms associated with prolonged fasting.

Abstract: Provided herein are beverage compositions to be ingested by a patient prior to administration of anesthesia or sedation comprising: a) one or more carbohydrates, wherein the total Calories available from the carbohydrates is at least about 200 and wherein the one or more carbohydrates are the sole source of significant Calories in the beverage; b) an acid, in a quantity sufficient to result in a pH of at least about 3.7 to about 4.5 and to enhance the shelf life and flavor of the beverage; c) a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is also a cerebro-vasoconstrictor; d) a sweetener and e) water, wherein the beverage composition, when ingested at least about two hours prior to administration of anesthesia or sedation is effective to relieve one or more symptoms associated with prolonged fasting. Further provided herein are methods of using the pre-operative beverage compositions disclosed herein in preparation for the safe induction of anesthesia or sedation in a patient before surgery.