Abstract: Methods relate to using phosphate and/or nitrate brines to reduce hydrate formation in flowlines under conditions conducive for hydrate formation in the absence of the phosphate and/or nitrate brine. The phosphate and/or nitrate brines may include compatible anti-corrosion additives.

Abstract: 1,3,5-(2H2,4H2,6H2)tripropanediamine N,N,N?,N?,N?,N? hexamethyl is used to scavenge sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. A novel method of making the triazine comprises autocondensing (CH3)2NCH2CH2CH2N?CH2.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: Coacervate gels having excellent shear viscosities and other properties are made with anionic or cationic polymers, a smaller amount of a surfactant having a charge opposite that of the polymer, and a hydrophobic alcohol. The Zeta Potential of the gel is maintained at an absolute value of at least 20. Optional gel promoting additives include betaines and amine oxides. A preferred gel comprises poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, a lesser amount of sodium lauryl sulfonate, and lauryl alcohol. The gels are particularly useful in well drilling fluids and well fracturing fluids.

Abstract: Clay is stabilized in the drilling of wells and other formation treatment for hydrocarbon production by the addition to the drilling or other fluid of potassium formate together with a cationic formation control additive.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula H(CH2)zCOO—[C2H4O]xCyH2y+1 where z is 0-2, x is an integer from 1 to 5 and y is an integer from 4-9 are used as emulsion breakers and defoamers in formation treatment fluids in the recovery of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations. A preferred material has the formula HCOO—[C2H40]3C6H7.

Abstract: 1,3,5-(2H2,4H2,6H2) tripropanediamine N,N,N?,N?,N?,N? hexamethyl is used to scavenge sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons. A novel method of making the triazine comprises autocondensing (CH3)2NCH2CH2CH2N?CH2.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH2)0-3COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R2[N[(CH2)mNR]1-2]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula —CnH2n+1 and moieties of the formula H[O(CH2)1-4]—, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Abstract: Low concentrations, 1–10% of potassium salt, especially potassium formate, are used in a drilling fluid in oil production. Preferably they are used with guar derivatives, most preferably carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar. The concentration of potassium formate is maintained at the desired level by adjusting the potassium formate to maintain a desired Zeta potential in the circulating drilling fluid. The potassium formate/guar derivative composition may be used in the substantial absence of hydrophilic clay additive.

Abstract: Clay is stabilized in the drilling of wells and other formation treatment for hydrocarbon production by the addition to the drilling or other fluid fluid of potassium formate together with a cationic formation control additive.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid comprising potassium formate is used to good effect in line heaters for heating natural gas in gas transmission lines, and for other uses. The solution is heated in a liquid heat transfer medium in a fluid heating zone and transferred to a gas heating zone.

Abstract: Roadbed material is stabilized by the addition of a small amount of potassium formate, preferably together with a water-soluble polymer which is preferably a cationic polymer.

Abstract: Potassium or other alkali metal formate solution is used to absorb moisture from gas through a membrane. The membrane may be supported on permeable tubes, and the potassium or other alkali metal formate may be regenerated for reuse, preferably by a cavitation regenerator. The potassium or other alkali metal formate should be present as a 40-80% solution, most preferably 70-76%. The process is especially useful for the dehydration of natural gas.

Abstract: Fire hydrants are protected from freezing by including potassium formate, preferably at least 10% by weight, in the water enclosed in them during nonuse.