Abstract: Example embodiments include methods of modifying a lens to improve image quality of a patient with presbyopia A method includes inducing changes in refractive index of subsurface volumes of the lens to form a first subsurface optical structure and a second subsurface optical structure. The first subsurface optical structure is configured to induce a first wavefront correction configured to increase depth of focus and intermediate vision quality for a patient when the patient has a first range of accommodation. The first subsurface optical structure and the second subsurface optical structure, in combination, are configured to induce a second wavefront correction configured to increase depth of focus and intermediate vision quality for the patient when the patient has a second range of accommodation less than the first range of accommodation.

Abstract: Optical elements for diffractive deep neural networks include one or more subsurface layers of diffractive optical elements. An optical element for a diffractive deep neural network includes a substrate and one or more subsurface layers of diffractive optical elements formed within the substrate. The substrate is made from an optical material having a base refractive index. Each of the one or more subsurface layers includes a respective subset of the diffractive optical elements. Each of the diffractive optical elements is formed within a respective sub-volume of the respective subsurface layer via induced changes in refractive index of the optical material to configure the diffractive optical element to function as a neuron in the diffractive deep neural network.

Abstract: Ophthalmic lenses and related methods provide a longitudinal chromatic alteration for an eye to provide the eye with a stimulus to inhibit myopia progression or reverse myopia. An ophthalmic lens configured to inhibit progression of myopia in an eye or reduce myopia in the eye includes a subsurface optical structure. The ophthalmic lens is formed from a transparent material having a lens material refractive index. The subsurface optical structure includes refractive index spatial variations relative to the lens material refractive index to provide a chromatic alteration to reduce axial growth of the eye or decrease the axial length of the eye.

Abstract: Scopes for viewing interior chambers of the eye include a refractive hydrogel polymer button formed by femtosecond laser micro-machining. The refractive button is sandwiched between two transparent plates and mounted on an ocular adapted to be placed directly on the cornea. A physician may look directly through the scope to see anatomical structures at very steep angles within the eye, such as to function as a gonioscope when viewing the anterior chamber angle. The scopes can be modified for viewing a variety of anatomical structures within the eye, and can also be used in conjunction with treatments such as by guiding injections or laser procedures. The refractive button has at least one region with a wavefront pattern of linear steps formed therein. Multiple regions with different wavefront patterns provide the physician with greater flexibility. The refractive button may be rotated relative to the ocular to further customize the image.

Abstract: Methods and systems for coordinating pulse powers and focal positions of laser beam pulses used to form a subsurface optical structure. Focal positions for a sequence of laser beam pulses may be stored in a scanning controller configured for controlling operation of a scanning assembly to scan the sequence of laser beam pulses to focal positions in the ophthalmic lens. A memory associated with a power controller may store pulse power data values corresponding to pulse powers for the sequence of laser beam pulses. The power controller can control a pulse power control assembly based on the pulse power data values. Operation of the scanning controller may be synchronized with operation of the power controller during scanning of the sequence of laser beam pulses to the focal positions in the ophthalmic lens via communication of one or more trigger signals between the scanning controller and the power controller.

Abstract: Methods and systems wherein laser induced refractive index changes by focused femtosecond laser pulses in optical polymeric materials or ocular tissues is performed to address various types of vision correction, and the laser induced changes to the refractive index avoid ablation and removal of the optical polymer materials while minimizing scattering losses.

Abstract: Example embodiments include methods for forming a subsurface optical structure in an ophthalmic lens. The method may include defining a phase-wrapped wavefront for causing the ophthalmic lens to diffract light to multiple focal points; defining a spherical wavefront configured for inducing a spherical aberration in the ophthalmic lens; and generating, based on the wavefronts, energy output parameters for forming a subsurface optical structure in the ophthalmic lens using an energy source, wherein the subsurface optical structure is configured to correct presbyopia by providing extended depth of focus that produces increased intermediate vision quality. Also disclosed are ophthalmic lenses with Fresnel rings that effect a phase-wrapped wavefront with a spherical aberration.

Abstract: Calibration of laser pulse powers used to form subsurface optical structures in an ophthalmic lens is accomplished via generation of a feedback signal indicative of pulse energy absorption. A system for forming subsurface optical structures within an ophthalmic lens includes a laser pulse source, a laser pulse power control assembly, a scanning assembly, a detector, and a control unit. The laser pulse power control assembly is operable to selectively control an energy of respective laser pulses. The detector is configured to generate a feedback signal indicative of an energy absorbed by the ophthalmic lens from a first laser pulse. The control unit is configured to control operation of the laser pulse power control assembly to selectively control an energy of a second laser pulse based on a selected energy of the second laser pulse, a selected energy of the first laser pulse, and the feedback signal.

Abstract: Ophthalmic lenses include one or more annular sectors configured to provide one or more off-axis corrections to light incident on the peripheral retina to inhibit myopia progression. An ophthalmic lens includes a central zone and an annular zone that includes an annular sector configured to provide a myopia inhibiting wavefront correction to light from a peripheral vision region of a peripheral visual field of the use. The first annular sector is configured so that light from the peripheral vision region passes through the first annular sector to form an image of the peripheral vision region on an annular region of the peripheral retina. The myopia inhibiting wavefront correction reduces a circumferential-to-radial aspect ratio of the image of the first peripheral vision region.

Abstract: A ophthalmic lens for inhibiting progression of myopia includes a central zone and an annular zone. The annular zone includes subsurface optical elements formed via laser-induced changes in refractive index of a material forming the annular zone. The subsurface optical elements are configured to modify distribution of light to the peripheral retina of a user so as to inhibit progression of myopia.

Abstract: Example embodiments include methods for forming a subsurface optical structure in an ophthalmic lens. The method may include defining a phase-wrapped wavefront for causing the ophthalmic lens to diffract light to multiple focal points; defining a spherical wavefront configured for inducing a spherical aberration in the ophthalmic lens; and generating, based on the wavefronts, energy output parameters for forming a subsurface optical structure in the ophthalmic lens using an energy source, wherein the subsurface optical structure is configured to correct presbyopia by providing extended depth of focus that produces increased intermediate vision quality. Also disclosed are ophthalmic lenses with Fresnel rings that effect a phase-wrapped wavefront with a spherical aberration.

Abstract: A ophthalmic lens for inhibiting progression of myopia includes a central zone and an annular zone. The annular zone includes subsurface optical elements formed via laser-induced changes in refractive index of a material forming the annular zone. The subsurface optical elements are configured to modify distribution of light to the peripheral retina of a user so as to inhibit progression of myopia.

Abstract: Ophthalmic lenses and related methods employ subsurface optical structures with enhanced refractive index distributions. An ophthalmic lens includes a lens body and a subsurface optical structure within the lens body. Sub-volumes of the optical structure have refractive indexes that vary spatially between a first limit refractive index for the optical structure and a second limit refractive index for the optical structure. The refractive indexes are equal to the first limit refractive index for the optical structure over a first section of the optical structure. The refractive indexes are equal to the second limit refractive index for the optical structure over a second section of the optical structure.

Abstract: Subsurface optical elements are formed within an ophthalmic lens using modulation of depth to which refractive index change inducing laser pulses are focused within the ophthalmic lens. A system for forming one or more subsurface optical structures within an ophthalmic lens comprises a control unit operatively coupled with a laser pulse source and a focusing assembly. The control unit is configured to control operation of the focusing assembly to sequentially focus each of the sequence of laser pulses onto a respective sub-volume of a sequence of sub-volumes of the ophthalmic lens. The sub-volumes of the sequence of sub-volumes have modulated depths within the ophthalmic lens and varying transverse locations within the ophthalmic lens.

Abstract: Methods and systems wherein laser induced refractive index changes by focused femtosecond laser pulses in optical polymeric materials or ocular tissues is performed to address various types of vision correction.

Abstract: Example embodiments include methods for forming a subsurface optical structure in an ophthalmic lens. The method may include defining a phase-wrapped wavefront for causing the ophthalmic lens to diffract light to multiple focal points; defining a spherical wavefront configured for inducing a spherical aberration in the ophthalmic lens; and generating, based on the wavefronts, energy output parameters for forming a subsurface optical structure in the ophthalmic lens using an energy source, wherein the subsurface optical structure is configured to correct presbyopia by providing extended depth of focus that produces increased intermediate vision quality. Also disclosed are ophthalmic lenses with Fresnel rings that effect a phase-wrapped wavefront with a spherical aberration.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and systems forming optical structures in an ophthalmic lens for improving a patient's vision by accessing a prescription for the patient; generating a variable wavefront based on the prescription; phase wrapping the first variable wavefront, wherein phase wrapping the first variable wavefront includes collapsing the first variable wavefront to a phase-wrapped wavefront having a predetermined phase height; and generating, based on the phase-wrapped wavefront, energy output parameters for forming an optical structure in the ophthalmic lens using an energy source.

Abstract: A ophthalmic lens for inhibiting progression of myopia includes a central zone and an annular zone. The annular zone includes subsurface optical elements formed via laser-induced changes in refractive index of a material forming the annular zone. The subsurface optical elements are configured to modify distribution of light to the peripheral retina of a user so as to inhibit progression of myopia.