Abstract: A card reading system in which electrical contacts between the assay card and the card reader are made through vertical actuation of a card interface relative to the assay card. In one embodiment, the assay card reading system comprises: (a) a card reader comprising at least one card interface, the card interface having a plurality of card interface contacts; (b) an assay card having card contacts; (c) a vertical actuation mechanism for causing relative vertical movement between the assay card and the card interface to contact at least a portion of the card interface contacts with the card contacts.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions, methods and test devices for determining the presence of active leukocyte cells, for example, by using novel LE and/or HNE substrates in an electrochemical assay.