Abstract: Embodiments provide techniques for measuring and characterizing the dynamics of cell traction forces. Tunable elastic gel substrates can be disposed in multi-well plates. The gels can be of a uniform predetermined thickness. A multi-well plate can be loaded with gels of different shear moduli. An array of punch indenters can be attached to a loading platen such that the each indenter is aligned to a gel substrate. The indenters can apply tensile or compressive strains to the gel substrates. The magnitude, duration, and frequency of the strain can be controlled by a motor assembly coupled to a control system. The apparatus can be disposed in an incubator for long term cell culture experiments. The cell culture can be observed while a strain is applied. A ring-shaped indenter can be mounted on a microscope, coaxial to the objective lens, and lowered by a calibrated amount onto the underlying gel.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 28, 2008
Date of Patent:
March 31, 2015
Assignee:
President and Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Ramaswamy Krishnan, Chan Young Park, Jeffrey Fredberg, Fei Liu, Justin Mih, Daniel Tschumperlin
Abstract: The invention provides for engineering and optimization of systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are vectors and vector systems, some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors with additional functional domains. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to ensure enhanced specificity for target recognition and avoidance of toxicity.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 12, 2013
Date of Patent:
March 31, 2015
Assignees:
The Broad Institute Inc., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, President and Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Feng Zhang, Le Cong, Randall Jeffrey Platt, Neville Espi Sanjana, Fei Ran
Abstract: A microscope probe includes a substrate; an optical resonator disposed on the substrate and including an optical resonance property; a displacement member disposed on the substrate and separated from the optical resonator, the displacement member including: a first end disposed distal to the optical resonator; and a second end disposed proximate to the optical resonator; and a coupling member disposed on the substrate and connecting the displacement member to the substrate, wherein the first end is configured to probe a sample and to be displaced in response to a condition of the sample, the displacement member is configured to communicate displacement of the first end to the second end, and the second end is configured to change the optical resonance property in response to displacement of the second end.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 23, 2014
Date of Patent:
March 31, 2015
Assignees:
National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park
Inventors:
Vladimir Aksyuk, Kartik Srinivasan, Houxun Miao, Ivo W. Rangelow, Thomas Michels
Abstract: Provided herein are methods and computer-readable storage media related to cell-free DNA and uses thereof to determine risk of a condition, such as transplant rejection or cancer, in a subject.
Abstract: The invention concerns a screening method for the detection of Clostridium difficile in a sample, wherein said method comprises the detection of conserved target regions in the Clostridium genome through the binding of at least one oligonucleotide probe to said target site.
Type:
Application
Filed:
May 2, 2013
Publication date:
March 26, 2015
Applicant:
University College Cardiff Consultants Limited
Inventors:
Lesley William James Baillie, Lovleen Tina Joshi
Abstract: The present invention provides a method to label phospholipids in vivo based on the metabolic incorporation of an alkynyl- or azido-labeled metabolic precursor into phospholipids. The resulting phospholipids have alkynyl or azido moieties, which, upon reaction with a labeled azide or alkyne, respectively, form labeled compounds that can be visualized using optical or electron microscopy with high sensitivity and spatial resolution in cells or tissue. The present method provides a valuable tool for imaging phospholipid synthesis, turnover and subcellular localization in cultured cells as well as in animals.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 4, 2010
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignee:
President and Fellows of Harvard College
Abstract: A Nisin derivative or variant, comprising an amino acid substitution at amino acid position 29 in the amino acid sequence. The Nisin derivative exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity when compared to wild type Nisin. The Nisin derivative has an application as a natural food additive and as a therapeutic agent.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 22, 2010
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignees:
University College Cork-National University of Ireland, Cork, Agriculture and Food Development Authority
Inventors:
Colin Hill, Paul Cotter, Paul R. Ross, Desmond Field
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for characterizing a target polynucleic acid by providing a surface containing a channel of a dimension sufficient to allow sequential monomer-by-monomer passage of a single-stranded polynucleic acid, but not of a double-stranded polynucleic acid; providing a source of hybridized target polynucleic acid at the surface; inducing passage of the target polynucleic acid through the channel, whereby the target polynucleic acid undergoes base pair separation (melts) prior to its passage; and making one or more measurements over time as the target polynucleic acid moves relative to the channel yielding data suitable to determine a monomer-dependent characteristic of the target polynucleic acid.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 28, 2013
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignee:
President and Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Timothy J. Denison, Alexis Sauer-Budge, Jene A. Golovchenko, Amit Meller, Eric Brandin, Daniel Branton
Abstract: A novel network of tumorigenic prognostic factors is identified that plays a critical role in advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis. This interactome is interconnected through a central tumor suppressive microRNA, miR-198, which is able to both directly and indirectly modulate expression of the various members of this network to alter the molecular makeup of pancreatic tumors. When this tumor signature network is intact, miR-198 expression is reduced and patient survival is dismal; patients with higher miR-198 present an altered tumor signature network, better prognosis and increased survival. Further, MiR-198 replacement reverses tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. embodiment of the disclosure is a method of treating cancer in an individual, comprising the step of increasing the level of active microRNA-198 molecules in the pancreatic cancer tumor cells of the individual by an amount sufficient to cause an improvement in the pancreatic cancer in the individual.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 6, 2012
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignee:
Baylor College of Medicine
Inventors:
Qizhi Yao, Christian Marin-Muller, Changyi Chen
Abstract: Provided herein is a biocompatible implant for meniscus tissue engineering. Particularly, the biocompatible implant comprises a multi-layered crescent-shaped silk fibroin scaffold, in which each layer comprises distinct pore size and/or pore orientation, e.g., to mimic native meniscus complex architecture. Accordingly, the biocompatible implant can be used for repairing any meniscal defect or promoting meniscal regeneration in a subject.
Abstract: A microfluidic valve assembly includes a structure defining a microfluidic fluid path and an actuator that can be moved between different positions controlling flow through the channel. In one embodiment, the actuator can be threaded into at least a portion of the structure, and can be moved rotationally between a first position, causing relatively greater constriction of a microfluidic fluid path, and a second position causing relatively lesser constriction of the fluid path. Actuating the actuator, e.g., by rotation, can deform material between the valve and the fluid path, thereby constricting at least a portion of the underlying fluid path and regulating the flow of a fluid in the fluid path. In another aspect, the invention provides a reservoir into which fluid can be placed and from which fluid can be introduced into a microfluidic system. In one embodiment, the reservoir is expandable and thereby able to store fluid under pressure for delivery to a microfluidic system.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 31, 2006
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignee:
President and Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Douglas B. Weibel, Andrew Lee, Scott Potenta, Adam Siegel, Maarten Kruithof, George M. Whitesides
Abstract: Surfaces having a hierarchical structure—having features of both microscale and nanoscale dimensions—can exhibit superhydrophobic properties and advantageous condensation and heat transfer properties. The hierarchical surfaces can be fabricated using biological nanostructures, such as viruses as a self-assembled nanoscale template.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 4, 2011
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignees:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Maryland, College Park
Inventors:
Evelyn N. Wang, Matthew McCarthy, Ryan Enright, James N. Culver, Konstantinos Gerasopoulos, Reza Ghodssi
Abstract: A microfluidic method and device for focusing and/or forming discontinuous sections of similar or dissimilar size in a fluid is provided. The device can be fabricated simply from readily-available, inexpensive material using simple techniques.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 16, 2012
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignees:
President and Fellows of Harvard College, The Governing Council of the Univ. of Toronto
Inventors:
Howard A. Stone, Shelley L. Anna, Nathalie Bontoux, Darren Roy Link, David A. Weitz, Irina Gitlin, Eugenia Kumacheva, Piotr Garstecki, Willow R. Diluzio, George M. Whitesides
Abstract: The present invention relates to a nisin derivative comprising amino acid substitutions in the peptide sequence encoding the hinge region of the protein, wherein the derivative exhibits an increased anti-microbial activity.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 8, 2009
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignee:
University College Cork—National University of Ireland, Cork
Abstract: The present invention provides optical devices that employ nonlinear optical effects for processing optical signals. For example, such an optical device can include a nano-sized interferometric component that provides an optical output signal via interference of two input signals subsequent to their asymmetric nonlinear phase accumulation. The interferometric element can have a variety of configurations, such as Sagnac, Mach-Zehnder or Michelson configurations.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 8, 2010
Date of Patent:
March 24, 2015
Assignee:
President & Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Eric Mazur, Rafael R. Gattass, Geoffry T. Svacha, Katherine C. F. Phillips, Christopher C. Evans
Abstract: The present invention relates to methods useful to monitor central and peripheral nervous system neuron/axon destruction resulting from an increase in acute phase inflammatory enzymes. The methods have applicability to monitoring the progress of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, as well as neuroinflammatory damage that results from sports injuries, vigorous physical activity or any form of physical abuse. The invention further relates to methods of treating multiple sclerosis or other diseases with an inflammatory component related to phospholipase A2.
Type:
Application
Filed:
June 5, 2014
Publication date:
March 19, 2015
Applicant:
Philadelphia Health and Education Corporation, d/b/a Drexel University College of Medicine
Abstract: A targeted osmotic lysis (TOL) of tumor cells that over-express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) has been developed that uses a combined therapy of a drug that blocks sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) that is then followed by an activation of VGSCs, for example, by electrical or pharmacological stimulation. Activation of VGSCs conducts sodium into the cancer cells in much greater amounts than non-cancer cells. Water follows this sodium gradient into the cancer cells, causing swelling and lysis. Because non-cancerous cells do not over-express VGSCs, less sodium and less water will enter the cells, and the non-cancerous cells will not lyse. This method is applicable to all cells that over-express VGSCs, including, but not limited to, highly invasive breast cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer.
Type:
Application
Filed:
November 25, 2014
Publication date:
March 19, 2015
Applicant:
Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Abstract: A computer-implemented method, computer program product, and computing system is provided for quality of experience for media transmissions. In an implementation, a method may include defining a lower media stream discontinuity threshold. The method may also include evaluating a media stream discontinuity rate associated with a portion of a media stream. When the media stream discontinuity rate associated with the portion of the media stream is greater than the lower media stream discontinuity threshold, the method may further include determining a quality of experience associated with the portion of the media stream based upon, at least in part, a payload associated with the portion of the media stream.
Type:
Application
Filed:
September 17, 2013
Publication date:
March 19, 2015
Applicants:
University College Dublin, International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Paul B. French, James P. Galvin, JR., Patrick W. McDonagh, Patrick J. O'Sullivan
Abstract: The present invention provides moenomycin-based probe compounds of Formula (I) for use in screening inhibitors of bacterial glycosyltransferases. The present invention also provides bacterial glycosyltransferase screening assays using compounds of Formula (I).
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 13, 2013
Publication date:
March 19, 2015
Applicant:
President and Fellows of Harvard College
Inventors:
Daniel Evan Kahne, Suzanne Walker Kahne, Christian M. Gampe, Hirokazu Tsukamoto