Abstract: A static, flow-conditioner apparatus comprising a series of closely spaced shearing edges which contact and condition liquid flowing thereby. The edges are advantageously carried on propellor-shaped articles and mounted on an axial shaft in conduit forming a confined liquid flow space. It is advantageous to modify flow patterns by changes in edge configuration and flow patterns within spaces between closely packed group of the shearing edge-bearing members. Particularly, utility is found in reducing the asphaltene "particles" or "globules" in heavy fuel oil to extremely small size so they are readily burned in a boiler with reduced particulates in the stack effluent.

Abstract: A water-emulsification apparatus comprising a conduit and, within the conduit, a series of perforated plates of holes of varying shapes or sizes forming means to effect different shearing action on an oil/water mixture and means for pumping the oil/water mixture therethrough. The conduit system is conveniently constructed so that oil-water mixtures of different characteristics can be directed to flow through different sequences of a perforated plates, thereby achieving an emulsion of desired characteristics.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell and the method of manufacturing the same. The cell includes a substrate of, e.g., of aluminum, having a layer of sulfur-stabilized cesium fluoride-like material with the outer surface thereof containing a P+ boron doped outer layer. A substantially transparent electrically conductive coating is applied over the surface of said cesium fluoride-like material and appropriate electrical contacts are made to the conductive layer for protective purposes.

Abstract: An expansion joint and seal structure for the variable width space between roadway, bridge or like sections subject to expansion and contraction is provided in the form of an elongate elastomer member having spaced transverse passages of generally rectangular cross section with rounded corners in which metal bars of like cross section but shorter length are inserted, both the passages and bars have cooperating indexing devices which center the bars in each passage spaced equidistant from the ends thereof so as to maintain them over the space between the roadway, bridge or like sections.

Abstract: A versatile mixing nozzle for dispensing polyphase fuels into a combustion zone of a boiler. The nozzle is characterized by a plurality of mixing chambers, a relatively low pressure-drop spray nozzle design and a stationary dispersing disk and radiation-protective shield partially projecting in front of the nozzle outlet ports.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of asphaltene-bearing fuel oils to reduce the amount of acid-smut in stack gas often emitted during the combustion of such fuels. The fuel is passed through a liquid shearing apparatus, with the addition of controlled amounts of water, to substantially reduce the size of the asphaltene particles. Generally, the treated oil will have a majority of asphaltene particles with a diameter of less than 2 microns, and substantially all asphaltene particles with a diameter of 7 microns or less. The processed fuel will also have uniformly dispersed asphaltene particles.

Abstract: An expansion joint and seal structure for the variable width space between roadway, bridge or like sections subject to expansion and contraction is provided in the form of an elongate elastomer member having spaced transverse passages of generally rectangular cross section with rounded corners in which metal bars of like cross section but shorter length are inserted, both the passages and bars have cooperating indexing devices which center the bars in each passage spaced equidistant from the ends thereof so as to maintain them over the space between the roadway, bridge or like sections.

Abstract: An improved solar collector has a one piece monolithic fiberglass frame and back assembly in which all of the collector components are mounted. A mounting flange integral with the frame facilities securing the collector in place on a roof or other support. The frame has a double wall construction forming internal steps that support the absorber plate and anti-convection cover at the proper locations for maximum heat collection. Further, all fluid connections to and from the absorber plate are made through the frame so that the required plumbing can be brought out in any direction between the frame walls. Suitable insulation is provided in the panel between the absorber plate and the back as well as between the frame walls to minimize radiation losses through the sides and back of the collector.

Abstract: An improved combustion process including emulsification of oil and water and conveying the emulsified oil and water, in the presence of some dispersing gas, under pressure into a combustion chamber where the gas aids rapid and excellent atomization of the emulsion.

Abstract: An improved solar collector has a one piece monolithic fiberglass frame and back assembly in which all of the collector components are mounted. A mounting flange integral with the frame facilitates securing the collector in place on a roof or other support. The frame has a double wall construction forming internal steps that support the absorber plate and anti-convection cover at the proper locations for maximum heat collection. Further, all fluid connections to and from the absorber plate are made through the frame so that the required plumbing can be brought out in any direction between the frame walls. Suitable insulation is provided in the panel between the absorber plate and the back as well as between the frame walls to minimize radiation losses through the sides and back of the collector.

Abstract: An improved combustion process including emulsification of oil and water and conveying the emulsified oil and water, in the presence of some dispersing gas, under pressure into a combustion chamber where the gas aids rapid and excellent atomization of the emulsion.