Abstract: A non-cylindrical carbon black reactor for consistently and efficiently producing high tint carbon black. A plurality of flat sides defines the inner surface of the carbon black reactor. The flat sides provide a planar surface for the introduction of feedstock hydrocarbon into the reactor, thereby eliminating or substantially reducing impingement of the feedstock hydrocarbon on the inner surface of the reactor chamber and the consequent erosion of the inner surface. The flat sides of the inner surface of the reaction chamber also provide a hot gas flow with a cross-sectional area that substantially conforms to the spray pattern of the feedstock hydrocarbon, thereby providing a minimum flame length within the reactor and a more efficient use of the hot gas.

Abstract: Carbon black beads are provided which generally comprise carbon black powder and an elastomer such as styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, or the like, in an amount between 0.5 and 5.0% by weight of the beaded carbon black. The carbon black beads are made by beading the carbon black powder with latex. The latex treated carbon black is readily handleable in bulk form, easily dispersible in elastomeric compositions, and imparts improved dynamic properties to elastomeric compositions.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor having an extended reaction choke substantially reduces the presence of coke and refractory grit in the carbon black product and erosion of the carbon black reactor due to impingement of particles of forming carbon black within the reactor. The carbon black reactor generally comprises a reaction choke which extends into an exit chamber to an outlet opening within the exit chamber. Hot gas and particles of forming carbon black flow through the reaction choke, through the outlet opening into the exit chamber. The outlet opening of the reaction choke is located within the exit chamber sufficiently distal from the upstream end of the exit chamber to substantially eliminate impingement of the particles of forming carbon black against the upsteam end of the exit chamber.

Abstract: An axial flow carbon black reactor for producing carbon black particles having a relatively narrow particle size distribution. Feedstock oil is introduced into the reactor by a spray nozzle located coaxial with the longitudinal center line of the reactor. The oil spray flows either in the countercurrent or the concurrent direction relative to the flow of hot gas through the reactor and produces an oil spray pattern covering either substantially the entire frontal area of the hot gas flow or substantially less than the frontal area. Countercurrent feedstock flow increases coverage of the gas flow area by the oil spray and narrows the particle size distribution of carbon black produced by the reactor, and concurrent feedstock flow produces the opposite result.

Abstract: A pigment dispersion of enhanced viscosity and heat stability characteristics for use in coating systems is provided. The pigment dispersions generally comprise a pigment carrier, a pigment of the type having a hydrophilic surface, and a surfactant functional as a dispersant in a relatively non polar matrix and which is present on the surface of the pigment in an effective amount. Pigment carriers include water-based carriers and organic solvent-based carriers. Finished coatings having improved viscosity and heat stability are also provided. The finished coatings comprise a coating base and the surfactant treated pigments. Such pigments include iron oxide pigments yellow iron oxide pigment, black iron oxide pigment, divalent ferrite pigments, zinc ferrite pigment, and magnesium ferrite pigment. Such surfactants include trimethylol propane, and trimethylol ethane.

Abstract: A non-cylindrical carbon black reactor for consistently and efficiently producing high tint carbon black. A plurality of flat sides defines the inner surface of the carbon black reactor. The flat sides provide a planar surface for the introduction of feedstock hydrocarbon into the reactor, thereby eliminating or substantially reducing impingement of the feedstock hydrocarbon on the inner surface of the reactor chamber and the consequent erosion of the inner surface. The flat sides of the inner surface of the reaction chamber also provide a hot gas flow with a cross-sectional area that substantially conforms to the spray pattern of the feedstock hydrocarbon, thereby providing a minimum flame length within the reactor and a more efficient use of hot gas.

Abstract: A carbon black beader drum having a plow-like member extending into the moving bed of beads within the drum. The member parts the surface of the moving bed, and carbon black in powder form is added to the beader drum by placement into the impression or furrow created in the moving bed by the member. The added powder is covered a short distance behind the member, preventing the powder from depositing on the inner surface of the beader drum.

Abstract: A process for producing a relatively coarse, highly structured carbon black having a large surface area. The method comprises mixing a hydrocarbon feedstock with hot combustion gases at a high temperature in a reaction chamber wherein turbulence and stream velocity are relatively low in order to produce a preliminary coarse carbon black and effluent gases. The produced coarse carbon black is subsequently separated from the effluent gases. The separated produced carbon black is thereafter fed into a reaction chamber wherein turbulence and residence time are specifically controlled. Subsequently, the separated and produced carbon black is oxidized under controlled conditions within the reaction chamber with hot combustion gases in order to produce a coarse, large surface area, highly structured carbon black product and effluent gases. The effluent gases are thereafter separated from the coarse, high surface area, highly structured carbon black product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel high color carbon black having an electron microscope surface area over 250 m.sup.2 /g and a nitrogen adsorption surface area between about 240 and about 500 m.sup.2 /g and a novel furnace carbon black having an electron microscope surface area above 250 m.sup.2 /g and a nitrogen adsorption surface area below about 800 sq. m/g. Also disclosed is a process for making these high color carbon blacks comprising feeding into a carbon black reactor a carbonaceous feed which is cracked at a high temperature to produce carbon black, wherein the reaction producing carbon black is at least quenched partially by contacting the reaction products directly with an auxiliary fuel taken from the group comprising a high BTU gas and a vaporizable hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a carbon black product having a controllable aggregate particle size distribution comprising forming in a first zone of the carbon black reactor combustion gases at a high temperature and having a gradient of increasing turbulence in the downstream direction, injecting substantially radially into the first zone a carbon black feedstock into more than one of the "zones of increasing turbulence" before the gases reach maximum turbulence, cracking the feedstock to carbon black in a second (reaction) zone, quenching the carbon black reaction, and collecting the carbon black product. Also discussed is a method for making a carbon black product having varying physical characteristics as a result of modifying reaction kinetics at any position of oil injection into the "zones of turbulence".

Abstract: A process useful for the production of a carbon black useful as an ingredient in dry cell battery compositions is disclosed which comprises heating a carbon black feedstock having a dibutylphalate absorption (DBP) ranging from 200 to 250 cc/100 g, nitrogen surface area ranging from about 30 to about 60 m.sup.2 /g, an average stacking height (L.sub.c) of ordered graphitic layer segments ranging from about 1.1 to about 1.5 nm, and a wide aggregate size distribution with a range of measured aggregate volume from about 5.times.10.sup.4 to about 1.times.10.sup.9 nm.sup.3, a geometric mean aggregate volume (Log Vg, nm.sup.3) of about 6.2 to about 7.5, and geometric standard deviation (for Log Vg, nm.sup.3) of about 0.7 to about 1.0. This feedstock is heated to a temperature ranging from 1400.degree. C. to 2400.degree. C.

Abstract: Carbon black products useful as an ingredient in dry cell battery compositions are disclosed which have a wide aggregate size distribution with a range of measured aggregate volume from about 5.times.10.sup.4 to about 1.times.10.sup.9 nm.sup.3, a geometric mean aggregate volume (Log Vg, nm.sup.3) of about 6.2 to about 7.5, geometric standard deviation (for Log Vg, nm.sup.3) of about 0.7 to about 1.0, a dibutyl phthalate absorption ranging from about 210 to about 270 cc/100 g., a nitrogen surface area ranging from about 30 to about 60 m.sup.2 /g, an average stacking height (L.sub.c) of ordered graphitic layer segments ranging from about 2.7 to about 3.7 nm. Novel furnace carbon blacks are disclosed which have the same characteristics but have an average stacking height (Lc) of ordered graphitic layer segments ranging from about 1.6 to about 3.7 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing carbon black by subjecting to a separation step a hydrocarbon feedstock containing a meltable solid, clarifying the hydrocarbon of the meltable solid and thereby making a concentrate of hydrocarbon and the meltable solid, and whereas the clarified hydrocarbon is introduced into the oil furnace process reactor to be converted to carbon black. The improvement lies in introducing the concentrate into the reaction zone of the reactor at a point where the temperature is below the melting point of the meltable solid. Carbon black is produced from the clarified oil and the oil concentrated with the meltable solid without substantially depositing the melted solid on the interior walls of the reactor.

Abstract: An alkyl t-alkyl ether corresponding to the formula R--O--R', wherein R is a methyl or ethyl group and R' is a t-butyl or t-amyl group, is separated from the alkanol in a reactor effluent comprising a mixture of the ether, unreacted C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkanol, and unreacted hydrocarbon by (1) alternately passing effluent from the reactor through first and second absorption vessels containing fixed beds of solid calcium chloride to complex the unreacted alkanol with the calcium chloride while the ether and unreacted hydrocarbon pass through the vessel, (2) while one absorption vessel is being used to complex unreacted alkanol, regenerating the other absorption vessel by passing a liquid C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 hydrocarbon feed comprising an isoolefin therethrough at a temperature of about 80.degree.-120.degree. C. to desorb the alkanol and provide a desorption effluent of liquid C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 hydrocarbon feed and alkanol, and (3) feeding the desorption effluent to the reactor.

Abstract: A C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkanol is separated from aqueous calcium chloride by adding a C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 hydrocarbon feed comprising an isoolefin to an aqueous solution of a calcium chloride-alkanol complex wherein the alkanol is methanol or ethanol at a temperature of about 80.degree.-120.degree. C. and a pressure of about 20-180 psig to provide an upper phase comprising the hydrocarbon feed and alkanol and a lower phase comprising aqueous calcium chloride. The invention is particularly useful as a step in a process for preparing and purifying methyl t-butyl ether by (1) reacting an excess of methanol with isobutylene or a C.sub.4 hydrocarbon stream containing isobutylene to form a crude reaction product comprising methyl t-butyl ether and excess methanol, (2) intimately mixing the crude reaction product with aqueous calcium chloride to complex the methanol and separate it from the ether, and (3) adding the hydrocarbon stream to extract the methanol from the aqueous calcium chloride-methanol complex solution.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining the dispersion of carbon black in elastomeric slabs by cutting a slab to form a planar surface and moving a height measuring transducer stylus over the planar surface. The transducer stylus provides an output current at a voltage which varies in correspondence to the relative height of roughness peaks on the planar surface. Accordingly, the size of the peaks determines the size of carbon black agglomerates and the frequency of peaks for a predetermined range of height is determinative of percent dispersion of the carbon black.