Abstract: A process and apparatus for combustion of a fuel and oxidant in which a first portion of a fuel is mixed with an oxidant to form a fuel-lean fuel/oxidant mixture in a fuel-lean combustion zone. The remaining portion of fuel is mixed with the fuel-lean fuel/oxidant mixture downstream of the fuel-lean combustion zone, forming a substantially stoichiometric fuel/oxidant mixture. The stoichiometric fuel/oxidant mixture is ignited, forming a primary flame having high luminosity and low NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting fuel and oxidant into a combustion burner. At a fuel exit plane of a fuel discharge nozzle, fuel is discharged in a generally planar fuel layer which has an upper boundary and a lower boundary. At an oxidant exit plane, oxidant is preferably discharged in both a top layer along the upper boundary of the fuel layer and a bottom layer along the lower boundary of the fuel layer. In a downstream flow direction, the fuel and oxidant preferably converge in a generally vertical plane and diverge in a generally horizontal plane. The discharged fuel and oxidant form a fishtail or fan-shaped flame configuration. The fuel exit plane can be moved upstream or downstream with respect to the oxidant exit plane to vary the flame characteristics and the flame shape. A refractory manifold can be used to further enhance the fishtail or fan-shaped flame configuration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a liquid fuel and oxygen which produces a fishtail or fan-shaped flame configuration.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating oxy-liquid fuel with lowered NO.sub.x products using low pressure oxygen to atomize liquid fuel and produce an oxy-liquid fuel flame and surrounding the oxy-liquid fuel flame by an oxidizer, confining the oxy-liquid fuel flame and oxidizer in a precombustor for a distance determined by the rate of flame propagation and the diameter of the pre-combustor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting fuel and oxidant into a combustion burner. At an exit plane of a nozzle, fuel is discharged in a generally planar fuel layer which has an upper boundary and a lower boundary. Also at the exit plane, oxidant is preferably discharged in both a top layer along the upper boundary of the fuel layer and a bottom layer along the lower boundary of the fuel layer. In a downstream flow direction, the fuel and oxidant preferably converge in a generally vertical plane and diverge in a generally horizontal plane. The discharged fuel and oxidant form a fishtail or fan-shaped flame configuration. A refractory manifold can be used to further enhance the fishtail or fan-shaped flame configuration.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner for a forehearth system comprising an oxygen conduit and a fuel conduit disposed concentrically within the oxygen conduit, forming an annulus between the fuel conduit and the oxygen conduit. The fuel firing end of the fuel conduit is recessed within the oxygen conduit at a distance from the oxygen firing end of the oxygen conduit. The ratio of the inside diameter of the oxygen firing end of the oxygen conduit to the inside diameter of the fuel firing end of the fuel conduit is in the range of about 2:1 to 8:1.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of a fuel/oxidant mixture mountable on a burner block having a hot face, a cold face opposite the hot face and forming a communication having a circular cross-section between the hot face and the cold face, comprising an oxidant conduit and a fuel conduit disposed concentrically within the oxidant conduit and forming an annulus between the fuel conduit and the oxidant conduit. One end of the fuel conduit extends into the burner block communication and is disposed at a distance from the burner block hot face.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an oxy-fuel flame with lowered NOX products by confining the oxy-fuel flame produced in a concentric orifice burner along a path defined by the rate of flame propagation and the diameter of the burner.

Abstract: An adjustable atomizing orifice liquid fuel burner having two distinct mechanisms for changing flame characteristics, the first of which involves changing the liquid fuel spray pattern exiting the fuel nozzle and the second of which involves adjusting the atomizing medium flow properties out of the atomizing venturi. A liquid fuel tubular member having a liquid fuel tip sealingly connected to the outlet end thereof is concentrically disposed within an atomizing fluid tubular member, the atomizing fluid outlet end of which forms a venturi. The liquid fuel tip is adjustable in a longitudinal direction within the venturi formed by the atomizing fluid outlet end of the atomizing fluid tubular member. The liquid fuel tip further comprises means for imparting a swirl to the liquid fuel as it exits the liquid fuel tip.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combustion of carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuels in which carbon black particles are entrained in a carrier fluid and injected through a center nozzle of a fluid injector into a combustion chamber, the fluid injector having an outer nozzle concentrically disposed around the center nozzle forming an annular chamber between the center nozzle and the outer nozzle through which at least a first portion of a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is injected into a combustion chamber forming a carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. The carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is subsequently mixed with combustion air and burned producing a highly luminous flame.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel system for reducing NO.sub.x formation in corrosive high temperature environments including a self-cooled adjustable oxy-fuel burner that generally produces a luminous flame having a concentric fuel rich phase and an outer surrounding oxidizer rich phase the flame directed through a precombustor mounted on the flame end of the burner the precombustor having a length to diameter (L/d) ratio fixed by the firing rate of the burner.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for oxygen-rich combustion wherein a first portion of about 5 to about 40 percent of the total fuel to be cracked and combusted is introduced to a cracking chamber where it is combusted and cracked at a temperature below about 2200.degree. F. to produce a cracked products mixture. Oxygen-rich gas of greater than about 30 volume percent oxygen is introduced to the cracking chamber in about 5 to about 50 percent of the stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the first portion of fuel introduced to that chamber. Cracked products mixture, a second remaining portion of fresh fuel and oxidizer having sufficient oxygen for substantially complete combustion of the combustible portion of the cracked porducts mixture and the fresh fuel are introduced to a combustion chamber wherein the combustible portion of the cracked products mixture and the fresh fuel are combusted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting horizontal, vertical, and horizontal and vertical angular positions of tubes without need to re-position an entire mounting bracket assembly or mounting bracket baseplate. Such adjustable mounting bracket assembly may be used for axial adjustment of a burner nozzle while maintaining a seal by a ball-and-socket joint located on a furnace wall.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for oxygen-rich combustion wherein a first portion of about 5 to about 40 percent of the total fuel to be cracked and combusted is introduced to a cracking chamber where it is combusted and cracked at a temperature below about 2200.degree. C. to produce a cracked products mixture. Oxygen-rich gas of greater than about 30 volume percent oxygen is introduced to the cracking chamber in about 5 to about 50 percent of the stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the first portion of fuel introduced to that chamber. Cracked products mixture, a second remaining portion of fresh fuel and oxidizer having sufficient oxygen for substantially complete combustion of the combustible portion of the cracked products mixture and the fresh fuel is introduced to a combustion chamber wherein the combustible portion of the cracked products mixture and the fresh fuel is combusted.