Abstract: A strain gauge (10), comprising a silicon strain sensing element (14) for sensing strain with first and second load points (16) and provided with a pair of piezo-resistors (22) located between said load points such that, when said strain sensing element (14) is subjected to tension or compression at said load points, a first of said pair of piezo-resistors (22a, 22b) is subjected to compression and a second of said pair of piezo-resistors (22a, 22b) is subjected to tension, wherein a change in relative resistance of said pair of piezo-resistors is induced by subjecting said strain sensing element to compression or tension.

Abstract: This invention relates to utilising image compression and reconstruction algorithms for transmission and reception of data that can be represented as a numerical matrix or a sequence of numerical matrices in bandwidth limited channels. The method and algorithms described herein may reduce data size to such an extent that data that was considered too large to be practically transmitted in a useful time frame can be transmitted in real or near real time. The algorithms can be applied to data communications for a variety of sensor, electronic and information systems.

Abstract: A projectile firing apparatus having a barrel (40) with a forwardly located exitaperture and an inwardly extending circumferential ledge (50), and two projectiles (41a, b), each having a penetrator (42a, b) and a sabot assembly having at least two sabot parts shaped so as to surround at least a portion of a respective penetrator (42a, b), the sabot assembly having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel (40); and propellant (48a) located in the barrel between the projectiles (41a, b) and propellant (48b) located in the barrel (40) rearward of the rearward projectile (41b); and a pusher-plug (44b) located rearwardly of rearward projectile (41b) and forward of most rearward propellant (48b), the pusher-plug (44b) located against the circumferential ledge (50) wherein as a result of the expansion of gases resulting from ignition of the forwardly propellant (48a), the pusher-plug (44b) is forced against the ledge (50) to form a seal to the rearward movement of gases past the pusher-plug (4

Abstract: A method and apparatus for modifying the out of band reflection of a laser element is described. The laser element includes an active medium excited by optical pumping means to produce stimulation emission of light. The laser element further includes a Bragg grating structure for providing optical feedback for the active medium, with the Bragg grating structure including a phase transition region providing a change in phase. The change in phase of the phase transition region is adjusted to modify out of band reflection of said laser element.

Abstract: This invention relates to a short message format that captures useful information embedded in a data vector of a sequence of symbols or numbers. The data vector may represent many different forms of information generated by various electronic and information systems. This short message format is particularly useful when bandwidth limited communication links are used to transmit a data set that can be represented as a set of data vectors that is true for essentially all types of data. Described herein is an algorithm formulated to be useful for data communications problems associated with bandwidth limited communications links.

Abstract: A photonic link system for transmitting and receiving an optical signal in accordance with an input signal is disclosed. The system includes a photonic transmitter and a photonic receiver. The photonic transmitter includes a first signal path including a first photonic modulator for producing a first output optical signal modulated by the input signal and a second signal path in parallel with the first path photonic path where the second signal path also includes a second modulator for producing a second output optical signal modulated by the input signal. The relative gain of the first and second signal paths is different to provide first and second output optical signals of different relative gain. The photonic receiver includes a first input to receive the first output optical signal from the photonic transmitter and a second input to receive the second output optical signal from the photonic transmitter.

Abstract: An event handling system to schedule and translate semantic deductions form Intelligent Agents and sensors into events capable of being made observable by a Recipient system such as monitor that provides a particular view of virtual objects and events is disclosed. The event handling system also encapsulates the system's notion of time. In fact, a human observer can shift the system along the temporal axis (up to the present) in order to replay events, or undertake analyses as a result of speeded-up or slowed-down notions of system time. The event handling system receives events from Clients/Sources via connections through the event handling system Input Portals, and uses Shared Memory as its form of inter-process communication with the Monitors. The event handling system makes events available for a recipient observation sub-system to read and provide their particular view. There can be many Clients and Recipient systems connected to the event handling system at the same time.

Abstract: Viewing device (10) includes a body enclosing first reflective surface or mirror (40), second reflective surface or mirror (42) and a means for securing the body to conventional sighting device or telescope (82) on a firearm. First mirror (40) is adapted to direct incoming light beam (44) onto second mirror (42) so that outgoing light beam (70) is angled relative to incoming light beam (44). In use, viewing device (10) can be releasably attached to rear end (80) of telescope (82) and allows user (90) to remain partially hidden behind obstacle (92) whilst viewing through sighting device (82) and using the firearm. The angular offset of respective light beams (44, 70) is between 35° and 60°.

Abstract: An optical device which generates an optically variable image, the image being optically variable in that it varies according to the position of observation, is manufactured by dividing an optically invariable image into multiple pixels. Color component values are determined for each pixel. For each of the pixels of the optically invariable image, there is determined an associated pixel surface structure which has a three-dimensional surface shape and curvature which is related via a mathematical of computer algorithm to the color component values of the associated pixel in the optically invariable image, each pixel surface structure being an individual reflective or diffractive surface structure which produces an observable optical effect. An assembly of the reflective or diffractive pixel surface structures is produced which when illuminated generates a plurality of observable optical effects which combine to form an optically variable reproduction of the optically invariable image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for resolving individual signals in detector output data, the method comprising determining a signal form of signals present in the data, making parameter estimates of one or more parameters of the signals, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least signal temporal position, and determining the energy of the signals from at least the form and the parameter estimates.

Abstract: An optical device which generates an optically variable image, the image being optically variable in that it varies according to the position of observation, is manufactured by dividing an optically invariable image into multiple pixels. Color component values are determined for each pixel. For each of the pixels of the optically invariable image, there is determined an associated pixel surface structure which has a three-dimensional surface shape and curvature which is related via a mathematical of computer algorithm to the color component values of the associated pixel in the optically invariable image, each pixel surface structure being an individual reflective or diffractive surface structure which produces an observable optical effect. An assembly of the reflective or diffractive pixel surface structures is produced which when illuminated generates a plurality of observable optical effects which combine to form an optically variable reproduction of the optically invariable image.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for controlling the architecture of copolymers of at least two unsaturated monomers, made by free-radical polymerization in the presence of a cobalt-containing chain transfer agent, including the control of molecular weight, degree of branching and vinyl end group termination, by varying at least one of the variables of molar ratio of monomers, their relative chain transfer constants, polymerization temperature and degree of conversion and amount of cobalt chain transfer agent; and polymers made thereby.

Abstract: The present invention provides a strain gauge comprising a resistive layer. The resistive layer comprises metallic or semiconducting nanoparticles or aggregates thereof in which the nanoparticles or aggregates thereof are separated by insulating and/or semiconducting material.

Abstract: An observation paradigm that works with a collection of the abovementioned elements, to provide a way of observing information infrastructures and data movement in a chosen time frame. The user (human observer) is provided sophisticated controls and interaction mechanisms that will make it easier for them to detect computer network intrusion and critical security management events in real time as well as allow them to better analyze past events. Embodiments may include various combinations of a framework for “intelligent agents”; an event handling system and a high-performance multi-layer observation facility presenting the user with a semantically dense depiction of an information source under consideration, such as a computer network.

Abstract: The invention provides regulatory constructs comprising intron 3 of the prostate specific membrane antigen gene (PSMA). An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the partial sequence of intron 3 of PSMA, a vector and a recombinant expression cassette are disclosed. The invention also provides a method of directing expression of a coding sequence in a prostate cell, a bladder cell, a breast cell and a vascular endothelial cell using the said constructs. This invention further provides a method of treatment of cancer using the said constructs.

Abstract: Fluid flow properties often dictate the performance of processing operations. The present invention relates to a system for evaluating properties of a fluid flowing in a pipe. A test cell (20) which includes two parallel surfaces (5, 6) which are positioned in the flow. One of the surfaces is moveable relative to the other, to a position in close proximity to the other, to create a stagnant flow region between the surfaces. The system further includes a test input device (10) to apply input motion to one of the surfaces, and a test output device (13) to measure output motions from the cell in response to input motions. Furthermore, the system includes a processing device (9) to calculate rheological parameters of the fluid from signals produced from the test input and test output device. There is also a process for evaluating properties of a flowing fluid.

Abstract: An observation sub-system is described wherein in three-dimensional (3D) views of objects and their interactions over time are provided. Each different view is based on a fundamental visualization paradigm. Heavily interacting objects can be depicted as being located “close together”. Rules are created so as to define the position of objects not only from the perspective of whether interaction occurred, but also the amount of interaction, and the rate of interaction. Despite using proximity to show whether an object is interacting with another, further visual mechanisms are used for the user to be able to analyze the type of data interaction, and the current state of affairs of interaction within a specified time slice. There are two types of forces acting on objects in the data view universe, gravitational (as a result of the mass of an object) and electrostatic (as a result of the charge on an object).

Abstract: The present invention is to a method of adapting optical rare-earth-doped waveguide (10) having a plurality of transverse propagation modes, such that in use, signal gains of non-fundamental modes of the waveguide are attenuated relative to a signal gain of a fundamental mode of the waveguide. The waveguide (10) has a light-guiding region (45) defined by a refractive index-modifying dopant, such as Ge, which has a thermal diffusion coefficient at temperature T in the waveguide greater than a thermal diffusion coefficient of the rare-earth dopant at temperature T. The method comprises heating the waveguide (10) at the temperature T such that a concentration profile of the refractive index-modifying dopant becomes broader than a concentration profile of the rare-earth dopant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nasogastric formulation comprising an amino acid source, a carbohydrate source, a lipid source, and a fatty acid delivery agent wherein the fatty acid has a bond hydrolysable in the colon to deliver free fatty acids such as short chain fatty acid acetate without having an adverse affect on the capacity to pass through a tube for tube feeding.

Abstract: A surrogate for testing an effect of physical trauma on a whole or portion of a natural biological animal body where the surrogate has a surrogate bone or bones and material replicating the effect of flesh around such a bone or bones. Also disclosed are further parts of a natural body which are replicated with surrogate materials in a surrogate construction including skin, tendons, arteries, and joints between bones as well as sensors for measuring the effect of any trauma caused.