Abstract: An indication is derived of the thermal properties of a constant load motor during acceleration and deceleration periods without actually monitoring thermal properties of the motor. The motor is accelerated and/or decelerated in response to command pulses so there is a rotational speed change during the acceleration and deceleration periods. In respnse to the command pulses, the charge on a capacitive means is changed so the charge change is proportional to (1) the change of the motor rotation speed during the periods and (2) the reciprocal of the periods. In response to the charge change there is derived an indication of the thermal properties as a function of the electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics of the motor.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided which protects the secrecy of confidential data at the stages where it is formulated and transmitted to a card (first auxiliary member) having a code key thereon. The data processing system includes a data-processing machine having a device or terminal for transmitting data, including confidential data, and a plurality of first members auxiliary to the machine which are each intended to receive the confidential data from the transmitting device via the same transmission line and to process this confidential data. The transmitting device includes a plurality of second auxiliary members which correspond to respective ones of the first auxiliary members. Each pair of corresponding first and second auxiliary members include respective generators for generating first and second code keys and the system includes a means for causing one of the first code keys to correspond with one of the second code keys.

Abstract: A magnetic transducer and method of operation is disclosed for removing the effect of interference magnetic fields present when detecting information magnetically coded on a carrier. The transducer is provided with a magnetoresistive compensating element disposed to develop a voltage in response to the interference magnetic fields equal to that developed across a magnetoresistive detecting element; however, the compensating element is positioned out of the magnetic leakage field of the coded information.

Abstract: A portable data or information carrier in the form of a card or the like. In order to maximize the confidentiality of information stored in the carrier, and more specifically to limit the amount of information available to a would-be defrauder monitoring data lines connecting the data carrier to external devices, the data carrier includes a microprocessor and a memory operatively associated with the microprocessor. The memory has three particular zones, namely: (1) a secret zone in which reading and writing operations only by internal circuits of the data carrier are permitted; (2) a working zone in which any reading or writing operations are permitted; and (3) a read zone where only reading operations are permitted. The secret zone of the memory includes at least one key or code which is compared to a key received from a device external to the data carrier to determine whether a particular operation is authorized.

Abstract: A fly off transducer platform or carrier according to the invention comprises a platform for supporting at least one transducer for reading and writing from and onto a data carrier such as a magnetic disc which is driven past the transducer in a given direction and sense. The platform has on its face adjacent the data carrier at least one air gap carried by a skid whose major dimension is parallel to the said given direction. The front face of the said skid, with reference to the said sense of movement of the data carrier, forms a diverter blade to force any unwanted contaminant material to at least one side of the said skid and thus prevents this material from collecting at the air gap.

Abstract: An inking ribbon cartridge for printers having two rollers between which a flexible film ribbon is drivingly engaged. The rollers are provided on their outer faces with a friction material, with the hardness of the friction material on the roller in contact with the inked face of the ribbon being higher than that of the friction material in contact with the other face of the ribbon. The friction material may be formed by a synthetic material such that the ratio between the hardnesses of the friction materials on the two rollers is between a half and two-thirds. The friction material on each of the two rollers may be formed by a polychloroprene such that the Shore hardness of the friction material on the roller in contact with the inked face of the ribbon is between 60 and 110.

Abstract: The current supplied by an AC power source to a DC load is controlled so that full current is supplied to the load during steady state operation and partial current is supplied during transient conditions. A selectively energized series switch, including first and second parallel branches, is connected between the power source and the load. An impedance in series with one of the switches causes the partial current to be supplied by the power source to the load. The other parallel branch includes no such impedance and therefore feeds full current to the load. A voltage threshold detection circuit, having hysteresis characteristics, responds to the amplitude of the AC source to activate the switches so that no current can be passed through the switches in response to the source amplitude being less than the threshold level.

Abstract: A magnetic transducer and method of operation is disclosed for removing the effect of interference magnetic fields present when detecting information magnetically coded on a carrier. The transducer is provided with a magnetoresistive compensating element disposed to develop a voltage in response to the interference magnetic fields equal to that developed across a magnetoresistive detecting element; however, the compensating element is positioned out of the magnetic leakage field of the coded information.

Abstract: A magnetic recording element made in accordance with the present invention comprises a layer of magnetic material applied to a carrier formed from a material of high magnetic permeability. A layer of non-ferrous, non-magnetic material is interposed between the carrier and the layer of magnetic material. The layer of non-magnetic material has a thickness between 20 and 40 microns. The magnetic recording element enables sharply defined magnetized domains to be obtained and is in a simple and repeatable fashion, by using a process in which the materials applied to the carrier of the element undergo no chemical transformation. To this end, the non-magnetic layer is produced by successively depositing, on the carrier which is used as a cathode, a first layer of copper obtained from an alkaline electrolytic solution, and then a second layer of copper which is obtained from an acid electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A dot printing matrix head having printing elements on multiple rows and columns is moved so the columns of the head are translated relative to a medium on which characters are printed. The elements have a predetermined arrangement so that: (1) in each column and row there is at least one element, and (2) there are no elements in adjoining row positions whereby there is no interference between the elements in response to simultaneous activation of any pair of the elements. The elements in different columns of the matrix are activated at differing times in response to signals from at least one shift register bank, a data bit generator and a shift column control circuit as the different matrix columns become aligned with the same column of dots to be printed.

Abstract: A method of producng magnetic head-carrying platforms for supporting one or more integrated transducers arranged on an insulative base and having electrical output strips and an insulating protective member covering the transducer and the output strips provides for joining of the protective member to a substrate with the output strips disposed between the substrate and the member. The surface is treated to expose the ends of the strips which extend beyond the treated surface such that connections to the ends of the output strips may be made by superimposed conductive layers deposited on the treated surface of the substrate. In the fabricated platforms some transducers are in partial alignment in a common plane parallel to the axis of the conductive layers so that at least one output strip of those transducers in partial alignment may be connected by a common output conductive connector.

Abstract: Fringing magnetic fields established by magnetic bars having parallel longitudinal axes are read from documents, such as checks, to determine a code on the document. The fringing fields extend in opposite directions to indicate the code. An array of magnetoresistive elements responsive to a DC energizing current is included so that at least one of the elements is provided for each of the fields. An alternating magnetic field of predetermined frequency and phase is coupled to each of the elements by a conductor that is effectively a single turn coil. The alternating magnetic field is superimposed on the fringing field so that the two fields are combined in each element to modulate the DC energizing current. The predetermined phase is compared with the phase of the modulated current to provide an indication of the fringing field direction and of the code.

Abstract: A localized-field static magnetizing device consists of a non-magnetic substrate having a magnetic layer thereon that contains a succession of adjoining zones of alternately differing lengths and having magnetic inductions of alternately opposing directions. One of the lengths is much greater than the other and the magnetic layer has a high coercive field.

Abstract: To reduce the proportion of rejects resulting by reasons of short circuits in the manufacture and use of miniaturized multilayer circuits and to improve the electric efficiency, there is inserted between each conductive layer of low resistance and each insulating layer of high thermal stability, a very thin layer of a conductive material, preferably non-magnetic, of high resistivity and of crystallographic reference at least compatible with respect to the first conducting material and of low or negligible thermal expansion in the range of temperatures to which the circuits are submitted both during manufacture and use.

Abstract: The binary value of coded signals having opposite going transitions normally in the center of a bit cell, wherein the direction of the transition determines the binary value of the bit cell, is detected. The repetition rate of bit cells of a coded signal control the rate which a signal to be integrated is accumulated by an integrator. The integration duration is controlled by the length of the bit cell. The direction of integration is controlled by the direction of the center transition of each bit cell. In response to the amplitude of the accumulated signal at the end of the integration duration being greater or less than a reference amplitude, the binary value of the bit in the bit cell is determined. Integration is performed by first and second integrators respectively activated to accumulate the signal to be integrated during odd and even numbered bit cells. The first and second integrators are reset to zero during even and odd numbered bit cells, respectively.

Abstract: A control arrangement for controlling the movement of an oscillating lever so as to allow the lever to exert a force of predetermined magnitude on an article placed in its path. Control of the lever is effected through a transmission mechanism which operably connects a control cam between the oscillating lever and an auxiliary lever in contact with the cam. A setting control sets the interacting force of the two levers to a predetermined value, such that, if the oscillating lever in the course of its movement in a first direction arising from rotary movement of the cam is arrested by an article arranged in its path, the force exerted by the oscillating lever on the article is at least equal to the predetermined value multiplied by the ratio between the distance which separates the shaft of the oscillating lever from the point where the interacting force is exerted on the lever, and the distance which separates the same shaft from the point where the oscillating lever is in contact with the article.

Abstract: There is provided a reader for reading information magnetically coded on a carrier. The reader includes a magnetizing device for magnetizing the information precoded on the carrier and a transducer for detecting the magnetized information as the carrier is translated successively past the magnetizer and transducer. The magnetizer includes at least one magnetic layer having a succession of adjoining zones, the length of alternate zones being much greater than the length of the other zones and the magnetic induction in the zones being of opposite sense. The transducer includes at least one magneto-resistive detecting member and a magneto-resistive compensating member which are of anisotropic magnetic material. The members are disposed to develop across the compensating member a voltage in response to the interference magnetic field which is equal to that developed across the detecting member due to that field.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for cumulative summing and compressing data items each of which is comprised of b binary elements.

Abstract: A phase comparator circuit arrangement is provided for controlling an electrical member on the basis of a control signal formed in accordance with the difference detected between a first waveform which is periodic and has a constant cyclic ratio, after it has locked on to a reference signal, and a second waveform which, after this locking on for which it serves as a reference, becomes non-periodic with a variable cyclic ratio for the purposes of exerting the said control. The circuit comprises a combination of a first bistable flip-flop circuit which receives the first and second waveforms respectively and which receives enabling voltages whose evolution is complementary between one input and the other. Means to subtract the waveform emitted by the first flip-flop circuit from the first waveform are provided to form the said signal for controlling the member.

Abstract: Computer data and procedure protection by preventing processes from intering with each other or sharing each other's address space in an unauthorized manner is accomplished in hardware/firmware by restricting addressability to a segmented memory and by a ring protection mechanism.To protect information in segments shared by several processes from misuse by one of these processes a ring protection hardware system is utilized. There are four ring classes numbered 0 through 3. Each ring represents a level of system privilege with level 0 (the innermost ring) having the most privilege and level 3 (the outermost ring) the least. Every procedure in the system has a minimum and a maximum execute ring number assigned to it which specifies who may legally call the procedure. Also maximum write and read ring numbers specify the maximum ring numbers for which a write and/or read operation is permitted.