Abstract: A hub for a human powered vehicle includes a rotation axis, a hub body formed generally symmetrically about the rotation axis, the hub body having a radially-outward-facing surface that includes a plurality of surface features for improving the aerodynamic efficiency of the hub as it passes through a fluid, and a wheel assembly attachment member formed along a circumference of the hub body, the wheel assembly attachment member being structured for attachment to one of a plurality of spokes and the center of a disc wheel. The surface features may include a series of depressions or a series of projections, and such features may have a dimple shape that can be formed in a variety of shapes including those with a cylindrical wall and a planar bottom or a hemispherical bottom. Alternately, such surface features may have a hemispherical shape.

Abstract: A bicycle wheel includes a tire engaging portion located at the outward perimeter of the wheel, an inner portion located radially inward from the tire engaging portion A pair of air engaging side surfaces extend radially between the inner portion and the tire engaging portion forming the sides of the wheel. The air engaging side surfaces contain a plurality of surface features designed to create a turbulent boundary layer when the wheel travels through air to reduce aerodynamic drag on the wheel.

Abstract: A fiber resin plastic (FRP) based bicycle rim includes an FRP body and a metal tire receiving ring. The FRP body has first and second side surfaces, an annular outer edge surface, and an annular inner edge surface. The annular inner edge surface includes at least two spoke receiving ports for receiving and supportively coupling at least two spokes to the FRP body. The metal tire receiving ring is coupled to the FRP body and is disposed radially outwardly of the FRP body. The tire receiving ring includes first and second, generally parallel continuous braking surfaces.