Abstract: A system is described for time synchronizing digitized measurement signals, such as vibration signals. The digitized signals, which are acquired asynchronously by multiple distributed measurement units, indicate the operational condition of a machine or a process. To measure the phase of the digitized signals relative to a pulse tachometer input, the time between the leading edge of the tachometer pulse and the digitized samples is measured. To achieve phase-coherent synchronization across the distributed measurement units, a local synchronization signal is embedded into the data produced by the measurement units. The systems uses the synchronization signal to align the data in post processing, which phase aligns the data and aligns the data in absolute time. The synchronization signal may be encoded with a timestamp to provide additional timing information.

Abstract: The system implements an algorithm that allows an integrator providing a vibration velocity measurement to be disabled automatically in order to do a PeakVue measurement. When the PeakVue measurement is required, the integrator is disabled and the last Overall velocity measurement is maintained. Once the PeakVue measurement is complete, the integrator is re-enabled and the Overall measurements resume.

Abstract: A method of automatically adjusting data collection parameters for machines on a data collection route in a portable collection device used by a technician, based on states of the machines. For each machine on the data collection route, the state of the machine is read into the portable collection device. The machine is automatically included in or excluded from the data collection route based at least in part on the state of the machine. The portable collection device is automatically configured with a first predetermined set of data collection parameters that is automatically configured based at least in part on the state of the included machine. An initial set of data is collected from the included machine with the portable collection device, based on the first predetermined set of data collection parameters.

Abstract: A field programmable gate array (FPGA) in a machine health monitoring (MHM) module includes interface circuitry, vibration data processing circuitry, and tachometer data processing circuitry. The interface circuitry de-multiplexes a synchronous serial data stream comprising multiple multiplexed data channels, each containing machine vibration data or tachometer data, into separate input data streams. The vibration data processing circuitry comprises parallel processing channels for the separate input data streams containing vibration data, each channel including a highpass filter, two stages of integration circuits, a digital tracking bandpass filter, and multiple parallel scalar calculation channels. The tachometer data processing circuitry processes the tachometer data to generate RPM and other values. A cross-point switch in the FPGA distributes tachometer signals between MHM modules in a distributed control system, thereby allowing multiple modules to share tachometer information.

Abstract: A vibration data acquisition and analysis module is operable to be inserted directly into a distributed control system (DCS) I/O backplane, so that processed vibration parameters may be scanned directly by the DCS I/O controller. Because the process data and the vibration data are both being scanned by the same DCS I/O controller, there is no need to integrate numerical data, binary relay outputs, and analog overall vibration level outputs from a separate vibration monitoring system into the DCS. The system provides for: (1) directly acquiring vibration data by the DCS for machinery protection and predictive machinery health analysis; (2) direct integration of vibration information on DCS alarm screens; (3) acquisition and display of real time vibration data on operator screens; (4) using vibration data to detect abnormal situations associated with equipment failures; and (5) using vibration data directly in closed-loop control applications.

Abstract: A machinery health monitoring module processes machine vibration data based on vibration signals and provides the machine vibration data to a distributed control system. A distributed control system operator computer executes a software user interface that filters relevant configuration parameters based on a selected machine measurement type so that only those parameters that are applicable to the selected measurement type appear on the user interface screen. Further, configuration parameters for individual measurement values within the measurement type are made available only when a particular measurement value is selected for acquisition. This greatly simplifies the information that is displayed on the configuration user interface.

Abstract: A computer-executable ratiometric analysis method determines integer components of a rational number ratio or a close approximation of an irrational number ratio. In one embodiment the method uses a ratio of rotational speeds of two rotating assets in a machine or process, generates a new rational number based on the ratio of speeds, and calculates the integer components of the new rational number. The result is the integer ratio relationship between the initial two rational numbers. The method may be used in machinery analysis applications to determine whether a low-order integer ratio relationship exists between two machinery rotating components. Low-order integer ratio relationships in machinery are generally harmful in related machinery rotating components, and detection of such relationships is an important tool in preventing damage to machinery components.

Abstract: A computer-animated graphical model visually conveys the movement and vibration of an entire shaft rotating within its bearings, and the behavior of the shaft at each individual bearing. The model aids a user in (1) visualizing an animated three-dimensional mode shape of a modeled shaft at high speeds, (2) visualizing the alignment state of the bearings of a modeled shaft at slower speeds, (3) visualizing the axial movement of a modeled shaft relative to a stationary component, and (4) visualizing the relationship between a rotating element, such as rotor, and a stationary element, such as a rotor housing, at locations other than the bearing locations. The model enables a user to compare shaft behavior at different operating conditions during a transient event, to see if a shaft is running at a proper position within its bearings, and to see if a shaft is contacting bearing surfaces or is dangerously close to such contact.

Abstract: A zoom processor for increasing the resolution of a band of interest within an acquired analog time domain frequency signal. The signal is converted from an analog time domain signal to a digital time domain signal. Next, the signal is multiplied by a value which will lower the center frequency of the band of interest to zero. The value by which the signal is multiplied is based on both the sine and cosine of a function of the center frequency and the sampling frequency used to digitize the signal. The sine function is solved with the aid of a numerical substitution which simplifies finding the value of the function in a sine table. After the signal is shifted, it is low-pass filtered, which removes all of the signal except the band of interest. During filtering, the band is also decimated by a predetermined factor, which compresses the time domain signal, and proportionally expands the frequency domain signal which is produced at a later step of the method.

Abstract: The specification discloses a laser alignment head system for taking alignment data with respect to a pair of coupled shafts. Each alignment head includes a laser, a laser sensor for sensing a laser beam, an angle sensor for sensing the rotational orientation of the laser head, a computer and a transmitter for transmitting data from the laser head. The two laser heads are mounted on the two shafts in an opposing facing relationship with the laser beam of one head disposed on the laser sensor of the other head. As the shafts are rotated, the laser beam moves on the laser sensor and the laser sensor generates a position signal corresponding to such movement. Likewise, the angle sensor produces an angle signal corresponding to the rotational angle of the laser head as the shafts are rotated. The computer produces output data corresponding to the position signal and the rotational angle, and such data is transmitted to a receiver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the degree of deterioration in lubricating oil including a grid-like capacitive sensor, that uses the lubricating oil as a dielectric medium, and a magnetic field imposed upon the oil to attract ferromagnetic wear particles into the vicinity of the sensor. Preferably, the magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet and an electromagnet aligned such that the magnetic field produced by each magnet acts upon the oil along the same axis. A plurality of capacitance measurements are taken at periodic intervals for one type of classification and analysis. Magnetically induced particle concentrations are analyzed visually under the aid of periodic magnetic flux reorientation and optical magnification.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically detecting a lubricant type and the relative quantity of water present in a test sample of lubricating oil includes the use of an open grid capacitive sensor element that incorporates the lubricating oil as a dielectric medium. The sensor element grid is energized by a frequency variable oscillator that automatically responds to changes in the oil dielectric constant with corresponding frequency changes. As a reference, a sample of new or uncontaminated test oil is confined in wet surface contact with the energized, open grid sensor element. Oscillator frequency changes are measured and recorded, either continuously or at frequent intervals, over a standardized elapsed time interval to generate a reference characterization of the frequency-time relationship distinctive of the particular oil. The same is repeated for a sample of contaminated oil and a corresponding frequency-time relationship generated.

Abstract: A method for nonintrusive monitoring of slow speed machinery incorporates a high sensitivity accelerometer capable of detecting low level mechanical vibrations, and a standard data collector/analyzer for processing the accelerometer output in accordance with a slow speed technology (SST) methodology that is implemented by firmware or software. To prevent the high frequency components from overwhelming the low frequency components of the accelerometer output as a result of dynamic range loss during processing of the accelerometer output by the data collector/analyzer, the SST methodology converts the accelerometer output from the acceleration domain to the velocity domain with an analog integrator that amplifies the low frequency components of the accelerometer output while attenuating the high frequency components. The analog integrator distorts the low frequency vibration components as well as the electrical noise introduced by the accelerometer.

Abstract: A highly portable infrared thermography system automates the collection, display, analysis, annotation, and recording of thermographic data and facilitates the efficient generation of reports. The system includes an infrared camera and a digital video data collector (VDC) having an embedded PC with an internal hard drive. The VDC also includes a VGA color LCD display with touch screen overlay for displaying images, presenting information to a thermographer, and for receiving data and command inputs from the thermographer. The system can be carried with a custom vest and battery belt, or it can be mounted to a hand truck. Thermographic images captured by the infrared camera are received by the VDC and displayed in real time at rates of at least thirty frames per second to eliminate flicker. The VDC also interfaces with a videotape recorder for displaying and recording images. Other interfaces include a visible image camera interface, a digital video interface, and a base station computer interface.

Abstract: The electrical power supply cables (shunt cables) of a robotic welding machine are continuously monitored during welding operations to determine cable fatigue resulting from mechanical flexing and high electrical current flow. Increases in cable resistance, being representative of a fatigued cable, are determined by measuring voltage across the cables. When a threshold voltage level or threshold voltage increase is reached, a monitor outputs a signal alerting plant personnel of the fatigued cable. The alert signal may further provide plant personnel with a predetermined time to cold weld failure of the fatigued cable, allowing plant personnel to schedule replacement of the fatigued cable during production breaks or scheduled downtime. In one embodiment, robotic welders and associated cable monitors are networked to a centralized computer to identify and isolate fatigued cables.

Abstract: A hand held data collector and analyzer achieves superior stability, accuracy and reliability through the use of a fixed frequency anti-aliasing filter and two analog to digital converters, one for high frequency signals and one for low frequency signals. Efficient digital filtering and decimation is achieved by providing specialized hardware filters and decimators and implementing software filters and decimators in a data processor. A true zoom method is employed to take advantage of the filtering and decimation capabilities, and independent digital signal processors operate serially on incoming signals to further reduce demands on the central processing unit. In addition, the RAM system memory is formatted as a pseudo-card to facilitate use of a PCMCIA memory card or the RAM system memory.

Abstract: A system for managing the alignment of a plurality of machine sets includes a portable alignment analyzer for calculating machine moves tending to bring the shafts of a machine set into alignment, and a base computer. A database of alignment documentation for the machine set is maintained in the base computer, the database including alignment fixture setup data, machine dimensions and tolerances, by way of example. A data link at least periodically enables communication between the base computer and the portable alignment analyzer. When the data link is active, alignment documentation for the machine set may be selectively Loaded into the portable alignment analyzer, and measured misalignment data may be selectively Dumped to the base computer for storage in the database. The system allows previously entered and stored machine-specific setup information to be used for a current alignment job, requiring only minor changes in the field.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the degree of deterioration in lubricating oil including a grid-like capacitive sensor, that uses the lubricating oil as a dielectric medium, and a magnetic field imposed upon the oil to attract ferromagnetic wear particles into the vicinity of the sensor. Preferably, the magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet and an electromagnet aligned such that the magnetic field produced by each magnet acts upon the oil along the same axis. A plurality of capacitance measurements are taken at periodic intervals for one type of classification and analysis. Magnetically induced particle concentrations are analyzed visually under the aid of periodic magnetic flux reorientation and optical magnification.

Abstract: A process for increasing plant growth and productivity comprising treating the roots, stems and/or foliage of the plant with .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and succinic acid as a readily metabolized source of carbon. The present invention also provides for a process for increasing plant growth and productivity comprising treating the roots of the plant with .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and succinic acid, and a process for increasing the rate of root formation in a plant comprising treating the roots, stems and foliage of the plant with .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and succinic acid. Further, plant growth is increased by application of mixtures of .gamma.-aminobutyric acid and synthetic succinic acid, in a suitable carrier to a plant.

Abstract: A portable, hand-held, battery-powered rotor balancing calculator has a data port, which includes a host communications port to down-load set-up data from, and upload collected data to a host computer. A rotation sensor communications port receives data from the rotation sensor, and a vibration sensor communications port receives data from vibration sensors. An angle sensor communications port receives data from an angle sensor, and the calculator determines how far and in what direction the rotor has been rotated. The calculator also employs a power supply, a processor, and an operator interface. There is also a memory for data storage, menus with check-off lists, and procedures, including raw data screening procedures and collected data analysis procedures. A display is provided which depicts gathered data in a graphical form which is easily reconfigured for rotor viewing orientation.