Abstract: Pieces of hardware on which pieces of software are executed are configured to organize computing resources from different computing resource providers so as to facilitate their discovery. A catalog, which stores instances of cloud computing resources and their providers, and a knowledge base, which stores types of computing resources including rules which reveal their discovery, are formed by the software. A curating method is performed to enable semantic search including searching for cloud computing resources that in combination cooperate to satisfy a workload or a task in addition to having a simple computational function. Semantic indexing is performed to facilitate the semantic search.

Abstract: Hardware and software are configured to select and provision computing resources from heterogeneous on-demand computing environments through the framework of a layered, federated on-demand computing ecology of computing resource providers, users, and federation servers. These pieces of hardware and software include a mechanism for defining and managing the life cycle of different resource types; a mechanism for extending document-centric protocols to support computing resources as first order objects; a mechanism for routing messages to computing resources; federation topologies; and a mechanism for federation servers to access and use computing resources from providers controlled by other federation servers.

Abstract: User are alerted by software and hardware when the in-use dynamic computing resources are underutilized so as to allow the user to effectively contain and reduce the operating cost of computing resources' services and application. The software categorizes and publishes workloads and suggests low cost alternatives to the user so as to match a user search criteria or usage pattern of computing resources or workloads.

Abstract: Hardware and software are configured to select and provision computing resources from heterogeneous on-demand computing environments through the framework of a layered, federated on-demand computing ecology of computing resource providers, users, and federation servers. These pieces of hardware and software include a mechanism for defining and managing the life cycle of different resource types; a mechanism for extending document-centric protocols to support computing resources as first order objects; a mechanism for routing messages to computing resources; federation topologies; and a mechanism for federation servers to access and use computing resources from providers controlled by other federation servers.

Abstract: Pieces of hardware on which pieces of software are executed are configured to organize computing resources from different computing resource providers so as to facilitate their discovery. A catalog, which stores instances of cloud computing resources and their providers, and a knowledge base, which stores types of computing resources including rules which reveal their discovery, are formed by the software. A curating method is performed to enable semantic search including searching for cloud computing resources that in combination cooperate to satisfy a workload or a task in addition to having a simple computational function. Semantic indexing is performed to facilitate the semantic search.