Abstract: The disclosure relates to a coil (100) comprising: a multi-part conductor (110) having a long extension (in relation to its cross-section), the multi-part conductor comprising two or more conductors (A,B) being electrically insulated from each other, wherein, in a cross-section of the multi-part conductor (110), at least two of said two or more conductors (A,B) are arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of the central axis (120), wherein said multi-part conductor (110) is wound around the central axis (120) in more than one circumferential turn, such that a first portion (130) of the multi-part conductor (110) is arranged adjacent to a second portion (132) of the multi-part conductor (110) in the direction of the central axis (120), and wherein said adjacent arrangement of said two or more conductors (A,B) is the same in relation to each other and in relation to the direction of a central axis (120) of the coil (100) for each circumferential turn.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coil (1) for an inductor (6), comprised by metal wire (2) wound circular around a centre axis (C), wherein the wire has an electrically insulating layer (3) insulating each turn of the wire in the winding from neighbouring turns, the shape of the complete winding, building up the coil (1), is substantially toroidal having a substantially elliptic cross section, wherein the thermal heat conductivity is above 1 W/m*K more preferably above 1.2 and most preferably above 1.5. The invention further relates to a magnetic core (7) suitable for an inductor (6), where in the core is made of a soft magnetic composite material made of metallic particles and a binder material, said particles are in the range of 1 ?m-1000 ?m, particles that are larger than 150 ?m are coated with a ceramic surface to provide particle to particle electrical insulation, wherein the volume of magnetic, metallic particles to total core volume is 0.5-0.9.

Abstract: A coil may include a metal wire wound circular around a center axis. The wire may have an electrically insulating layer insulating each turn of the wire in the winding from neighbouring turns. The shape of the complete winding, building up the coil, may be toroidal having an elliptic cross section in a plane perpendicular to a wire winding direction. And the wound coil may have a metal volume to total volume at a level so that the thermal heat conduction of the coil is above 0.8 W/m*K. A method for producing such a coil may involve applying the insulating layer to the wire. The wire may be wound around the center axis. The winding may be compressed to a toroidal shape.

Abstract: A method is provided for convolutive coding for the transmission of space-time block codes according to the technique termed Golden Code, in a wireless communication network comprising at least a plurality of transmit antennas. The Golden Code coding is associated with a trellis coded modulation, and the necessary partitioning to the trellis is produced such that, for each partitioning step, a set ?? is multiplied by at least one element ? from the set Bk (k>1) of elements of Az such that: Bk={X?Az and |Det(X)|2=2k}, the set ??, termed “infinite Golden Code”, being a principal ideal of the ring Az as defined by the Golden Code technique.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of communicating time related messages between multiple devices wherein each device operates using a different time base. The invention can be applied to multi-mode cellular handsets that implement multiple radio access technologies (RATs). Messages communicated between the RATs are time synchronized using a common time base that is shared among all the RATs in the system. The creation of the shared time base is based on an interrupt signal referred to as a “sync event”. The interrupt signal is generated by at least one of the devices and received by all the other devices. The local time is stored in a snapshot register and is used by each respective device as the basis to perform conversions between local and common time, common time being the time base that is shared by all the devices in the system. This ‘synchronizes’ the devices since they all took a snapshot of their respective local timers at substantially the same time.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) in a wireless communications system. A class of algorithms is disclosed for Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance (DARP) receivers based on a novel metric calculation used during equalization and optionally in other portions of the receiver as well, e.g., soft value generation. A DARP receiver for 8PSK EDGE modulation is presented wherein the interfering signals comprise GMSK modulated signals. The modified metric takes into account the rotation remaining in the noise component of the received signal after de-rotation of the 8PSK signal. Considering the interferer to be a GMSK signal, the I/Q elements of the noise are correlated and this fact is used to modify the decision rule for the received signal thus improving the performance of the equalizer. The model is further extended to take into account temporal error correlation.

Abstract: An iterative method and a decoder for decoding space-time codes in a communication system with multiple transmission and reception antennae, strikes a compromise between techniques based on interference cancellation algorithms such as BLAST, which show faulty performance concerning error rate based on signal-to-noise ratio and techniques based on maximum likelihood algorithms which are optimal in terms of performance, but highly complex in implantation such as the sphere decoder. Therefor the method includes using a first matrix product between the received signal (Y) and a shaping matrix (Bl), and a second matrix product between a subtraction matrix (Dl) and the vector of the estimated symbols (S1?l) during the preceding iteration. The estimated symbols during the current iteration are generated by a subtractor (9) receiving the results (rl,zl) of the two matrix products. The role of the matrix Dl is to subtract from the current information symbol Sl the interference caused by the other information symbols.

Abstract: A real-time optimizing information transfer and interrupt event scheduling scheme for a communications transceiver incorporating multiple processing elements. The scheme is particularly applicable for use in UMTS based communications transceivers, i.e. W-CDMA transceivers adapted for User Equipment (UE). The interrupt scheduling scheme of the present invention is operative to perform the scheduling of interrupts used to configure a data transfer device to effect the timely transfer of data from a hardware based chip rate processor to a memory buffer for subsequent processing by software running on a DSP or other processor platform.

Abstract: A method for scheduling of periodic real time processes in an operating system, comprising the steps of defining a reference point in time for a periodic real time process, and scheduling the periodic real time process from the reference point in time. Preferably a future point in time is defined as the reference point in time at the start up of the operating system. The real time process is preferably a periodic control process during which a relative control point in time, counted from the beginning of the subsequent control cycle, is calculated during each cycle with absolute time correction counted from the reference point in time. The absolute time correction corresponds to the period of the periodic process multiplied with the number of passed control periods until the beginning of the subsequent control cycle, at which the absolute control point in time is calculated through an addition of the relative control point in time with the absolute time correction.

Abstract: There is disclosed a prop-type damping device which effectively consumes energy of up-and-down vibration on a main girder of a bridge caused by earthquakes, winds, passing vehicles or the like to prolong a life of the bridge and improve comfort for bridge users with a simple constitution. The prop-type damping device comprises: an inclined prop member having a higher end thereof connected to a lower part of a main girder of a bridge to be horizontally movable relative to the same, and a lower end thereof connected to a position below a main girder supporting point of a pier or abutment for supporting the main girder to permit up-and-down movement of the higher end; and a damper connected to the higher end of the prop member and the main girder lower part to brake relative horizontal movements therebetween.

Abstract: An active filter (4) for compensation of variations in an apparatus' (3) current consumption from a power grid (1) as a cause of variations in the apparatus electrical load, through active frequency filtering and dynamic compensation of reactive energy/current. For each of the power grid's phases (a, b, c) the active filter includes a transistor bridge (Ta, Tb, Tc) connected between each phase and a DC-link (7). The active filter includes a filter circuit of LCL-type, arranged to reduce disturbances on the power grid caused by the active filter itself. The active filter further includes a control device (9) for calculating, with a given working frequency (f), points in time at which the transistor bridges are set to reverse the current direction through the DC-link, and the filter circuit is preferably adjusted to that working frequency.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of determining the channel order and channel estimate in a communications system. The present invention is suitable for use with a wide range of channels and is particularly useful in estimating wireless channels such as GSM and other types of cellular channels. A channel estimate is performed on the entire received training sequence. Those taps having an energy larger than the energy of a channel estimation error quantity are selected for the final channel estimation model. The estimation error is calculated by dividing the complete received training sequence into two different portions, wherein both portions are of equal size. A channel estimate is used to calculate the channel estimate of both portions which are then used to calculate the channel estimation error quantity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating channel tap delays of multipath components in a CDMA received signal. The search for the tap delays are split into two phases namely, a phase 1 and a phase 2 search. The phase 1 search is a coarse resolution quick search adapted to generate a rough estimate of the location of the tap delays. During this phase, the candidate codes are summed and the input signal correlated with the code sum creating an ambiguity in the code associated with the multipath. A finer resolution slower phase 2 search resolves the code ambiguity present in the initial rough estimates of the phase 1 search. Additional phase 2 correlations may be performed to implement a code-tracking loop.

Abstract: A novel and useful channel tracking mechanism operative to generate channel estimate updates on blocks of samples during reception of a message. The tracking mechanism is based on the weighted recursive least squares algorithm and implements the estimation process by recursively updating channel model parameters upon the arrival of new sample data. The mechanism is operative to update channel estimate information once per sample block. An interblock exponential weighting factor is also applied. The block length is chosen short enough to enable good tracking performance while being sufficiently long enough to minimize the overhead of generating preliminary decisions and of updating precalculated tables in the equalizer. The method of the invention can be performed in either hardware or software. A computer comprising a processor, memory, etc. is operative to execute software adapted to perform the channel tracking method of the present invention.

Abstract: A reduced complexity correlator that enables the re-use of the most complex portions of a correlator, namely the multiplier and adder. The correlator of the present invention is especially well-suited for use in CDMA and W-CDMA spread spectrum communication systems that require the use of numerous correlators in their operation. Multiple input samples, multiple codes and integration results are stored in shift registers and circularly shifted and clocked out at appropriate clock rates such that the multiplication and accumulation steps of the correlation process are synchronized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a radix-4 fast Hadamard transform (FHT) with reduced complexity and for directly determining the maximum output of a fast Hadamard transform using either a radix-4 transform or radix-2 transform without actually generating the outputs. The radix-4 fast Hadamard transform is implemented using only seven operations. To find the maximum value of the output of a fast Hadamard transform and its corresponding index, the N?1 stages of a conventional N stage fast Hadamard transform are computed while a find-maximum stage is inserted in place of the Nth stage. The invention also provides a methodology for constructing fast Hadamard transforms of the form H2N using radix-4 FHTs and permuting the results to achieve the correct outputs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a radix-4 fast Hadamard transform (FHT) with reduced complexity and for directly determining the maximum output of a fast Hadamard transform using either a radix-4 transform or radix-2 transform without actually generating the outputs. The radix-4 fast Hadamard transform is implemented using only seven operations. To find the maximum value of the output of a fast Hadamard transform and its corresponding index, the N-1 stages of a conventional N stage fast Hadamard transform are computed while a find-maximum stage is inserted in place of the Nth stage. The invention also provides a methodology for constructing fast Hadamard transforms of the form H2N using radix-4 FHTs and permuting the results to achieve the correct outputs.

Abstract: A tuned cradle type damping deice which can be tuned with low-order (e.g., 1 Hz or lower) vibration, and exhibits higher performance for maintenance and inspection with a simple constitution than a conventional one. This tuned cradle type damping device comprises: a support having a circular-arc support surface which is at least a part of a circle; two swings positioned on both outsides of a center axis extending direction of the circular-arc support surface of the support; and two rollers which are rotatably supported on the circular-arc support surface to be rolled thereon and moved around the center axis thereof, and both ends of which are rotatably connected to the two swings to support the two swings.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of generating normalized soft decision information output from an inner decoder (i.e. equalizer) in a communications receiver. The invention is operative to normalize the soft decision information before it enters a soft outer decoder. The normalization is performed using a noise power estimate that is dynamically calculated in response to changing noise statistics on the channel. The normalized soft decision output is then applied to the soft outer decoder thus realizing maximum performance therefrom. The noise power estimate is derived from the training sequence and/or the data portion of the received signal. Both types of estimates are calculated. A binary or smoothly weighted average is calculated using both types of estimates. The weighting factor is determined based on one or more performance metrics, such as the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of I/Q gain mismatch compensation for use in a communications receiver. The invention is operative to calculate an estimate of the I/Q gain mismatch. Each input sample is subsequently multiplied by the inverse of the estimate to generate compensated samples. The training sequence portion of the uncompensated input samples is used to generate the I/Q gain mismatch estimate. In accordance with the present invention, the H matrix used in calculating the gain mismatch estimate is pre-calculated for several channel lengths and stored in memory. An estimate of the channel is generated which provides the channel length and the location in the input sample buffer of the first training sequence sample to be used in calculating the gain mismatch estimate. The channel length is used to determine the number of training sequence samples to be used and to select one of the previously calculated H matrices.