Abstract: A charcoal replacement solid energy fuel comprises wood particles substantially fully impregnated with a melt-flowable, natural, monolignol biopolymer derived from biomass which can be further processed into various shapes of briquettes, pellets and other shapes for grilling, heating/cooking, green coal energy and other applications. The material and its method of making are environmentally friendly, carbon neutral, and lower cost alternative to charcoal or traditional coal. The melt-flowable monolignol based material impregnated into the wood imparts significant water resistance, UV resistance, antimicrobial functionality, faster lighting and higher BTU/lb energy without the need to add carbonize wood or coal. The impregnated wood granules or particles can then be compressed, without the need for additional binder, into various homogenous charcoal briquette replacements, pellets, or shapes for grilling or green coal energy fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the design and fabrication of a device able to efficiently convert broad-spectrum, microwave to X-ray, electromagnetic energy into electricity. Exciton Scavenger fabrication requires intercalation of rare earth ion containing crystallites, quantum-dots, or nanoparticles within a one-dimensional semiconducting material nanoarchitecture, such as arrays of nanowires or nanotubes.