Abstract: An information processing apparatus, program, and information processing method performing validated numerics. Arithmetic operation of definite numbers a1 and b1 of the computer numbers in which real numbers A and B are defined by formulas (1) and (2) is performed to determine an absolute effective digit ? satisfying formula (3), A=a1+a2,|a1|?Cha,?Cea?a2<Cea??formula (1), B=b1+b2,|a1|?Chb,?Ceb?b2<Ceb??formula (2), (A,B)=(a,b)1+(a,b)2,?C??(a,b)2<C???formula (3). a1 and b1 are definite numbers whose numerical values are definite, and a2 and b2 are uncertain numbers whose numerical values are uncertain; C denotes a radix; ha and hb denote extended high order maxes that are minimum extended digits satisfying |a1|?Cha and |b1|?Chb, and ha and hb denote high order maxes that are integers; and ea, eb and ? denote the absolute effective digits that are integers.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus, program, and information processing method performing validated numerics. Arithmetic operation of definite numbers a1 and b1 of the computer numbers in which real numbers A and B are defined by formulas (1) and (2) is performed to determine an absolute effective digit ? satisfying formula (3), A=a1+a2, |a1|?Cha, ?Cea?a2<Cea??formula (1), B=b1+b2, |a1|?Chb, ?Ceb?b2<Ceb??formula (2), (A,B)=(a,b)1+(a,b)2, ?C??(a,b)2<C???formula (3). a1 and b1 are definite numbers whose numerical values are definite, and a2 and b2 are uncertain numbers whose numerical values are uncertain; C denotes a radix; ha and hb denote extended high order maxes that are minimum extended digits satisfying |a1|?Cha and |b1|?Chb, and ha and hb denote high order maxes that are integers; and ea, eb and ? denote the absolute effective digits that are integers.

Abstract: A seal includes a main body portion having fingers that extend outward to seal against the sides of one or more flexible conduit sections. The seal embodies several features that minimize the effect of compressing the seal over extended use. In one embodiment, the seal include a tab that isolates compression forces from the fingers. Other embodiments, include a recessed hinge point between the fingers and the main body. Still other embodiments, incorporate a material that fills the region between the fingers.

Abstract: An optically based liquid level (liquid-vapor) detector for use with a window having a substantially planar side facing the liquid-vapor side and a substantially planar side positioned parallel to the liquid-vapor side facing the outside. The detector comprises a light source positioned on the outside of the window to direct its light through the outside planar side to the inside planar liquid-vapor side and a light detector positioned on the outside of the window to receive light transmitted from the source and returned from the planar liquid-vapor window side. The detector further includes electronic means for detecting the light intensity change affecting the transducer, from the condition of liquid on the liquid-vapor side, to the condition of vapor on the liquid-vapor side of the window, whereby an action or signal is generated in response to such change.

Abstract: A gage having sensors for observing temperature and pressure. The gage includes a display and an internal computer. A data cartridge separate from the gage but with an electrical plug type connection to it is supplied. The data cartridge has a non-volatile memory on which is stored data relating pressure and saturation temperature of a volatile refrigerant. A program is stored within the gage. The program contains instructions for measuring temperature and pressure from a source, retrieving from the data cartridge saturated temperature data corresponding to the observed pressure, calculating superheat or subcooling and displaying in sequence the observed pressure in absolute or gage terms, the corresponding saturated temperature, the observed temperature and the superheat or subcooling.