Abstract: Memoization may be deployed using a configuration file or database that identifies functions to memorize, and in some cases, includes input and result values for those functions. At compile time, functions defined in the configuration file may be captured and memoized. During compilation or other pre-execution analysis, the executable code may be modified or otherwise decorated to include memoization code. The memoization code may store results from a function during the first execution, then merely look up the results when the function may be called again. The memoized value may be stored in the configuration file or in another data store. In some embodiments, the modified executable code may operate in conjunction with an execution environment, where the execution environment may optionally perform the memoization.

Abstract: A computer software execution system may have a configurable memory allocation and management system. A configuration file or other definition may be created by analyzing a running application and determining an optimized set of settings for the application on the fly. The settings may include memory allocated to individual processes, memory allocation and deallocation schemes, garbage collection policies, and other settings. The optimization analysis may be performed offline from the execution system. The execution environment may capture processes during creation, then allocate memory and configure memory management settings for each individual process.

Abstract: A function may be selected for memoization when the function indicates that memoization may result in a performance improvement. Impure functions may be identified and ranked based on operational data, which may include length of execution. A function may be selected from a ranked list and analyzed for memoization. The memoization analysis may include side effect analysis and consistency analysis. In some cases, the optimization process may perform optimization on one function at a time so as to not overburden a running system.

Abstract: The purity of a function may be determined after examining the performance history of a function and analyzing the conditions under which the function behaves as pure. In some cases, a function may be classified as pure when any side effects are de minimis or are otherwise considered trivial. A control flow graph may also be traversed to identify conditions in which a side effect may occur as well as to classify the side effects as trivial or non-trivial. The function purity may be used to identify functions for memoization. In some embodiments, the purity analysis may be performed by a remote server and communicated to a client device, where the client device may memoize the function.

Abstract: An operating system may be reconfigured during execution by adding new components to a control flow graph defining a system's executable flow. The operating system may use a control flow graph that defines executable elements and relationships between those elements. The operating system may traverse the control flow graph during execution to monitor execution flow and prepare executable elements for processing. By placing new components in memory then modifying the control flow graph, the operating system functionality may be updated or changed. In some embodiments, a lightweight version of an operating system may be deployed, then additional features or capabilities may be added.

Abstract: Processes may be assigned to specific processors when memory objects consumed by the processes are located in memory banks closely associated with the processors. When assigning processes to threads operating in a multiple processor NUMA architecture system, an analysis of the memory objects accessed by a process may identify processor or group of processors that may minimize the memory access time of the process. The selection may take into account the connections between memory banks and processors to identify the shortest communication path between the memory objects and the process. The processes may be pre-identified as functional processes that make little or no changes to memory objects other than information passed to or from the processes.

Abstract: Processes in a message passing system may be launched when messages having data patterns match a function on a receiving process. The function may be identified by an execution pointer within the process. When the match occurs, the process may be added to a runnable queue, and in some embodiments, may be raised to the top of a runnable queue. When a match does not occur, the process may remain in a blocked or non-executing state. In some embodiments, a blocked process may be placed in an idle queue and may not be executed until a process scheduler determines that a message has been received that fulfills a function waiting for input. When the message fulfills the function, the process may be moved to a runnable queue.

Abstract: Executable code may be fingerprinted by inserting NOP codes into the executable code in a pattern that may reflect a fingerprint. The NOP codes may be single instructions or groups of instructions that perform no operation. A dictionary of NOP codes and their corresponding portion of a fingerprint may be used to create a series of NOP codes which may be embedded into executable code. The fingerprinted executable code may be fully executable and the presence of the NOP codes may not be readily identifiable. The fingerprinting mechanism may be used to authenticate executable code in various scenarios.

Abstract: Processes in a message passing system may be unblocked when messages having data patterns match data patterns of a function on a receiving process. When the match occurs, the process may be added to a runnable queue, and in some embodiments, may be raised to the top of a runnable queue. When a match does not occur, the process may remain in a blocked or non-executing state. In some embodiments, a blocked process may be placed in an idle queue and may not be executed until a process scheduler determines that a message has been received that fulfills a function waiting for input. When the message fulfills the function, the process may be moved to a runnable queue.

Abstract: Processes may be assigned heap memory within locally accessible memory banks in a multiple processor NUMA architecture system. A process scheduler may deploy a process on a specific processor and may assign the process heap memory from a memory bank associated with the selected processor. The process may be a functional process that may not change state of other memory objects, other than the input or output memory objects defined in the functional process.

Abstract: Processes in a message passing system may be launched when messages having data patterns match a function on a receiving process. The function may be identified by an execution pointer within the process. When the match occurs, the process may be added to a runnable queue, and in some embodiments, may be raised to the top of a runnable queue. When a match does not occur, the process may remain in a blocked or non-executing state. In some embodiments, a blocked process may be placed in an idle queue and may not be executed until a process scheduler determines that a message has been received that fulfills a function waiting for input. When the message fulfills the function, the process may be moved to a runnable queue.

Abstract: An execution environment for functional code may treat application segments as individual programs for memory management. A larger program of application may be segmented into functional blocks that receive an input and return a value, but operate without changing state of other memory objects. The program segments may have memory pages allocated to the segments by the operating system as other full programs, and may deallocate memory pages when the segments finish operating. Functional programming languages and imperative programming languages may define program segments explicitly or implicitly, and the program segments may be identified at compile time or runtime.

Abstract: Executable code may be recompiled so that generic portions of code may be replaced with specific portions of code. The recompilation may customize executable code for a specific use or configuration, making the code lightweight and executing faster. The replacement mechanism may replace variable names with fixed values, replace conditional branches with only those branches which are known to be executed, and may eliminate executable code portions that are not executed. The replacement mechanism may comprise identifying known values defined in the executable code for variables, and replacing those variables with the constant value. Once the constants are substituted, the code may be analyzed to identify branches that may be evaluated using the constant values. Those branches may be reformed using the constant value and the rest of the conditional code that may not be accessed may be removed.

Abstract: A hybrid operating system may allocate two sets of resources, one to a first operating system and one to a second operating system. Each operating system may have a memory manager, process scheduler, and other components that are aware of each other and cooperate. The hybrid operating system may allow one operating system to provide one set of services and a second operating system to provide a second set of services. For example, the first operating system may have monitoring applications, user interfaces, and other services, while the second operating system may be a lightweight, high performance operating system that may not provide the same services as the first operating system.

Abstract: A process scheduler may use a scheduling graph to determine which processes, threads, or other execution elements of a program may be scheduled. Those execution elements that have not been invoked or may be waiting for input may not be considered for scheduling. A scheduler may operate by scheduling a current set of execution elements and attempting to schedule a number of generations linked to the currently executing elements. As new elements are added to the scheduled list of execution elements, the list may grow. When the scheduling graph indicates that an execution element will no longer be executed, the execution element may be removed from consideration by a scheduler. In some embodiments, a secondary scan of all available execution elements may be performed on a periodic basis.

Abstract: An operating system may be configured using a control flow graph that defines relationships between each executable module. The operating system may be configured by analyzing an application and identifying the operating system modules called from the application, then building a control flow graph for the configuration. The operating system may be deployed to a server or other computer containing only those components identified in the control flow graph. Such a lightweight deployment may be used on a large scale for datacenter servers as well as for small scale deployments on sensors and other devices with little processing power.