Abstract: A cation exchange resin is regenerated to remove alkanolamine and alkali metal cations from the resin by eluting the resin with alkali metal hydroxide to selectively displace alkanolamine from the resin, followed by elution of the resin with a mineral acid to displace alkali metal cations and any remaining alkanolamine from the resin. During this process, the resin is monitored by measuring and recording the conductance of the effluent from the resin and such recorded conductance is used to control the regenerant streams to provide more efficient regeneration of the resin.

Abstract: An oil spill recovery system includes a first hydrocyclone separator and optionally a second hydrocyclone separator located on a floating vessel floating on a body water from which spilled oil is to be recover. A recovered fluid containing oil and water emulsion and a large amount of free sea water is recovered from the body of water. The first hydrocyclone separator separates the recovered fluid into a first underflow stream containing oily water and a first overflow stream which contains substantially all of said oil and water emulsion. The vessels having cyclones or centrifugal separators in series for separating oil and water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composite torque shaft for connecting a downhole fluid motor to the drill bit at the end of a drill string. The composite torque shaft comprises an elongate matrix body with oriented fibers fixed therein. The fibers are particularly oriented to provide the composite torque shaft with significant torque strength and stiffness while allowing bending flexibility. Accordingly, the composite torque shaft converts the gyrating and rotating motion of the rotor in the fluid motor to the pure rotation of the drill bit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for separating a multiphase liquid mixture into a plurality of streams. The invention has particular utility in the oil industry where particulate solids are produced with an oil/water mixture. Preferably, the mixture is first cyclonically separated to remove particulate solids from the oil and water. Then the mixture is delivered to a liquid/liquid hydrocyclone where a substantial portion of the oil is separated from the remaining mixture which now primarily comprises water. The pressure of the remaining mixture is elevated such as by a pump and is then subjected to a further cyclonic separation step to remove any remaining fine solids in the mixture.

Abstract: An anisotropically tailored tubular (fabricated of a composite having an unsymmetrical bias of the reinforcing components of the composite and an elasticity of the matrix thereof such that at least one of compression stress along the long axis of the tubular or tension stress along the long axis of the tubular or pressure on the interior of the tubular will cause localized twisting and/or extension and/or bending of the tubular along its long axis) is run into a depth extended aperture while imparting localized twisting and/or extension and/or bending to the tubular along its length during the course of the running by impressing at least one of compression stress along the long axis of the tubular, or tension stress along the long axis of the tubular, or pressure on the interior of the tubular. Frictional resistance to the running is thus decreased by the localized twisting, bending, and/or extension.

Abstract: A system for centralizing casing pipe in a wellbore includes lateral pistons in the side wall of the casing string which are movable by forces applied to their inner end, from a retracted position within the maximum exterior profile of the casing pipe string to a predetermined extended position which will move the casing pipe string toward a central position in the borehole. Various well operations can be performed using the pistons in addition to the centralizing function.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrocyclone apparatus which is simple in design, more space efficient, and easier to maintain than prior art designs. The invention comprises a three chamber vessel wherein the inlet chamber is between the outlet and overflow chambers. Therefore, the inlets to the liners are between the plates dividing the vessel into separate chambers and the outlets from the liners extend directly into the end chambers the labyrinth of passages and conduits for the overflow liquid. The present invention includes a no bolt securing arrangement for securing the liners in the vessel. In particular, the liner includes a shoulder portion which abuts one of the dividing plates and an end cap which closes the open end of the vessel being in close proximity to the ends of the liners thereby securing the liners in the opening in the dividing plates. The shoulder further includes lobes to limit rotation of the shoulders.

Abstract: Refining processes for recovering HF from acid soluble oils (ASO) generated by the HF recovery unit of an HF alkylation unit are provided. ASO containing HF is removed from the HF recovery unit and contacted with water to form a system having two phases, an aqueous HF containing phase and an organic phase. After phase separation, the aqueous HF containing phase passes through a bed of fluidized NaF crystals, where the NaF reacts with the HF to form salts having the general formula NaF.nHF. Flow of the aqueous HF containing phase to the bed continues until exhaustion of the bed, as determined by the detection of HF in the effluent. After exhaustion of the bed, the process provides for the regeneration of the bed and release of anhydrous HF which is then returned to the HF alkylation unit.

Abstract: A floating production and storage facility (FPS) or "floating atoll" comprises a very large tension leg platform (TLP) having a regular or irregular polygonal horizontal cross-section (including a circle) and having a centralized opening (moonpool) therethrough. The floater has wave transparent attributes, stanchions sited interior of the moonpool adapted to receive risers and maintain the risers within a limited horizontal zone with reference to the vessel while allowing vertical freedom of motion with reference to the vessel. It also has risers sited in the stanchions and connected to the bottom of the body of water upon which the TLP floats. The risers have sufficient buoyancy means below but near the surface of the water to tension the risers into vertical position, and can have additional buoyancy means distributed over much of their length. The floater can have large oil storage means, and can be moored by lateral mooring as well as the TLP tendons.

Abstract: Composite laminated tubing with low coefficient of thermal expansion and preferably a Poisson's ratio near 0.5 is used for production tubing which is subject to substantial expansion and contraction.

Abstract: Apparatus for mooring attachment of a floating tension leg platform to a subsea anchorage. The apparatus includes a tendon with an enlarged connector on one end, the connector being formed by a frustoconical bearing surface extending away from the end to which it is connected. A connector shroud partially surrounds the frustoconical surface and is connected to it by an elastomeric bearing. An inwardly sloping surface engages a supplementarily sloped surface formed on the attachment receptacle load ring to increase hoop strength. A side-entry bottom receptacle is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissociation of gas molecules which absorb light comprising a resonance optical cavity, a nozzle for introducing gas molecules into the resonance optical cavity in contact with the high velocity gas molecules, a focusing lens for focusing the laser beam at the point of contact of the laser beam and the high velocity gas molecules, a 100 percent reflecting mirror for receiving the laser beam after it passes through such molecules, a partially reflecting mirror positioned between the molecules for reflecting a portion of laser beam back into the laser and the remainder of the beam through the gas molecules to the 100 percent reflecting mirror.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved downhole seismic source with an epicyclic eccentric weight system for the simultaneous generation of elliptically polarized shear wave seismic energy and compression wave seismic energy coupled into a borehole. The apparatus includes a cylindrical housing and a drive means or electric motor disposed in the housing which provides rotational output to an epicyclic eccentric weight system also disposed in the housing. Expandable tapered wedging collars are used to firmly secure the motor and the epicyclic eccentric weight systems within the housing. A flexible shaft interconnects the centerline of the epicyclic cylindrical roller and the motor whereby the roller receives the rotational output from the motor. The shaft rotates in one direction and the roller rotates in the opposite direction thereby producing an epicyclic motion.

Abstract: A hybrid velocity model is used to image the subsalt reflector. A method for imaging subsalt reflectors includes receiving seismic data and depth migrating the raw data. Generated seismic P-waves are assigned a first P-wave velocity for travel outside a salt wedge. Prior to entering the salt wedge, the wave is treated as a compressional wave. Upon entering the salt wedge, the P-wave is treated as a converted S-wave and a corresponding S-wave velocity is assigned to the converted wave. When the converted S-wave exits the salt wedge, it is again converted, this time back to a P-wave. As this wave travels through the subsalt layer to a reflector interface, it is assigned a P-wave velocity. Thus, a velocity model which includes both P-wave and S-wave velocities is used to image reflectors below salt wedges.

Abstract: A hydrocyclone separator separates an oil and water stream into an underflow stream containing primarily water and an overflow stream containing a relatively higher oil concentration than the underflow stream. Quality control of both the underflow stream and the overflow stream is of concern, and typically a de-oiling separator is placed downstream on the underflow stream, and a dewatering separator is placed downstream on the overflow stream from the hydrocyclone separator. A degassing separator is also generally utilized upstream of the inlet to the hydrocyclone separator. Various monitoring and control systems are provided for controlling the split ratio of the underflow and overflow streams of the hydrocyclone separator.

Abstract: A borehole system for operating a downhole generator suspended on a composite coiled tubing string. The coiled tubing has at least two separate longitudinal chambers to provide separate flow paths. A fluid is pumped from the surface through one flowpath to drive a downhole turbine powered generator for operating downhole systems. A second flowpath in the tubing is used to return fluids to the surface. The non-metal environment of the composite coiled tubing provides a non-magnetic environment in which to operate wellbore devices. Data is transmitted to the surface by way of a fiber optic conductor.

Abstract: A composite tubular member having an outer cylindrical member containing fibers oriented to resist internal pressure while providing low bending stiffness, an inner smaller centrally located core member located near the neutral axis of the composite tubular member and containing fibers oriented to provide high axial stiffness, high tensile strength and low bending stiffness. One or more web members contain fibers oriented to resist shear stress, and connect the outer cylindrical member and the inner core member to form at least two separate cells within the composite tubular member. The web member forms a major and minor moment of inertia within the tubular member to create a preferred bending direction. Conductors are formed integral to the connecting web member for transmitting energy signals through the tubular member.

Abstract: Terpolymers of polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid/acrylonitrile are prepared by combining a polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid copolymer with at least one dinitrile to form a mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the terpolymer. Copolymers of polyolefin/acrylonitrile are obtained when the reaction is carried to completion. The total reaction masses obtained comprising terpolymer or copolymer, cyclic imide, solvent, when used and any unreacted dinitrile find use as pour point depressants in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved downhole seismic source for the simultaneous generation of elliptically polarized shear wave seismic energy and compression wave seismic energy coupled into a borehole. The source of the present invention is capable of receiving several kilowatts of energy downhole to depths of several thousand feet. An orbital vibrator, energized by a hydraulic power means is disposed within a housing. The orbital vibrator imparts an orbital motion which generates seismic wave energy in the borehole. A cable supports the hydraulic power means and the orbital vibrator at selected positions along the borehole for coupling of the seismic wave energy into the borehole.

Abstract: A procedure for drilling out a cement plug from a liner top using a drill bit with extendible cutting elements to avoid the need for changing bits during the procedure.