Abstract: A conductive adhesive, such as an anisotropic conductive adhesive, comprising a population of conductive particles and a population of signal particles in an adhesive; wherein both the conductive particle population and the signal particle population have an average particle diameter of <200 ?m with a coefficient of variance of <10%; wherein the signal particles are arranged to provide an indication when they are deformed to a pre-determined height; and wherein the conductive particles are arranged such that they will not fail, e.g. crack or fracture, when deformed to a height larger than or equal to the pre-determined height at which the signal particles are arranged to provide the indication.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an activated polymer particle comprising contacting a polymer particle with at least one polyamine, wherein said polyamine has three or more amino groups, to form a surface treated polymer particle; and applying a catalyst to the surface treated polymer particle to form an activated polymer particle. In some examples, the process can further comprise applying a metal coating to said activated polymer particle to form a metal coated polymer particle.

Abstract: An isotropic conductive adhesive having silver coated polymer beads within an adhesive matrix and a method of forming an isotropic conductive adhesive are disclosed. The mean average diameter of the polymer cores of the beads is less than 30 ?m, and the silver coating comprises interlinked silver deposits grown from dispersed nucleation sites scattered across the surface of the beads.

Abstract: A heat-treated polymer particle comprising an addition polymer core particle which has had swollen and polymerized therein a blend of an aromatic alcohol with an aldehyde or a blend of an aromatic amine or urea with an aldehyde and which has been subsequently heat treated, e.g. to a temperature of at least 150° C.

Abstract: An isotropic conductive adhesive having silver coated polymer beads within an adhesive matrix and a method of forming an isotropic conductive adhesive are disclosed. The mean average diameter of the polymer cores of the beads is less than 30 ?m, and the silver coating comprises interlinked silver deposits grown from dispersed nucleation sites scattered across the surface of the beads.

Abstract: A heat-treated polymer particle comprising an addition polymer core particle which has had swollen and polymerised therein a blend of an aromatic alcohol with an aldehyde or a blend of an aromatic amine or urea with an aldehyde and which has been subsequently heat treated, e.g. to a temperature of at least 150° C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an activated polymer particle comprising contacting a polymer particle with at least one polyamine, wherein said polyamine has three or more amino groups, to form a surface treated polymer particle; and applying a catalyst to the surface treated polymer particle to form an activated polymer particle.