Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a radical of the formulaR.sup.1 --R.sup.5 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.y --,in which R.sup.1 is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -alkoxy group, a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -alkyl group or a cholesteryl radical, R.sup.5 is a phenylene or biphenylene radical which may be linked to a phenylene radical via the --OOC-- group or a phenylene radical linked the --OOC-- group, y is an integer of from 3 to 12, R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of a radical of the formulaR.sup.6 --R.sup.1 and R.sup.7 --SiCH.sub.3).sub.2 H,where R.sup.6 is a single chemical bond or a phenylene, biphenylene or cyclohexylene racial or a phenylene radical linked to the --OOC-- or --COO-- radical or a phenylene radical linked to a cyclohexyl radical through the --OOC-- group, R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-alkyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## The compounds can be used for the preparation of tetrahydroisoquinolines of the reticuline type, or of the norreticuline type, by reductive removal of the OH groups or, if they carry an acyl protective group on the nitrogen, for the preparation of isoquinolines of the papaverine type by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with removal of the acyl groups and simultaneous removal of the hydroxyl groups.These 1-alkyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives can then be used for the preparation of isoquinolines of the papaverine type by aromatization by means of acids or hydrazine.

Abstract: Cyclic organosiloxanes which contain at least one Si-bonded organic radical and have at least one donor/acceptor .pi.-electron system.

Abstract: In processes of holography using bacteriorhodopsin-based recording media, it is essential to design the signal-to-noise ratio to be as favorable as possible. This is achieved by recording the hologram using circularly polarized light and reconstructing the hologram by using linearly polarized light, specific beam components being selected as a function of polarization in the beam path of the reconstructed hologram. The process is suitable both for purely holographic applications and also for other processes which include one or more intermediate or partial steps involving holography.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclic siloxanes which have at least one group of formula (1) bonded to a silicon atom--(CH.sub.2).sub.x --R"--[--L--A--].sub.y --(L).sub.z --T (1),in which x is an integer having a value of at least 2, preferably having a value of from 2 to 10, R" is a chemical bond or a divalent radical of the formula --COO--, --OOC--, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, --N.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.N(O)--, --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH--, --N.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.N(O)--, --N.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.N--, or --Si(R).sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds and to a process for preparing liquid-crystalline polyorganosiloxanes having methacryloxy and/or acryloxy groups by the reaction of organosiloxanes having hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon atoms and/or organosilanes which can be condensed to form organosiloxanes having hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon atoms, with alkenes and/or alkynes having mesogenic groups, which comprises reacting in a first step the organosiloxanes with an alkene and/or alkyne having at least one non-enolic hydroxyl group protected by a protective group, and in a second step the protective group is removed and the hydroxyl group which is now free is esterified with (meth)acrylic acid, esters, anhydrides and/or halides thereof and thereafter optionally condensing the organosilanes to organosiloxanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Y represents an organosilicon radical;R" represents a divalent radical which connects the radical Y to the benzene ring via a chain of at least three atoms;X represents a radical of the formula --COOH, --CN, --CHO, --NH.sub.2 or --OH, in which it is possible to block the hydroxyl group with a protecting group;Z represents the same or different substituents in the 2-, 3-, 5- or 6-position to the radical X, preferably hydrogen or halogen atoms; andp represents a value of 0 to 4;and the use of these and related compounds in the preparation of compounds having liquid-crystalline properties.

Abstract: A maltopentaose producing amylase, and its derivatives modified by gene manipulation, can be expressed in E. col. These amylases facilitate the production of maltopentaose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Z is a radical bonded to the benzene ring in the 2-, 3-, 5- or 6-position, namely a halogen atom, a cyano group or a hydroxyl group,n is 0, 1 or 2,R" is a radical of the formulaR'''--[Si(R*).sub.2 ](CH.sub.2).sub.y R""-- (9),in whichY is an integer from 4 to 18,R''' is as defined in the description,R* is identical or different, optionally substituted C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy radicals,R"" is a radical of the formula --(E).sub.z -- which is optionally bonded to the carboxy group via a phenylene or biphenylene radical, whereE is a divalent radical of the formula --O-- or --Si(R*).sub.2 --, andZ is the number 0 or 1, and the radicalR' is a halogen atom, a cyano radical, a cholesteryl radical, a radical as defined for R* or of the formula --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --R**, andR** may have any meaning of R*, with the exception of an n-octyloxy or an n-decyloxy radical,and the preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: The enzyme .gamma.-glutamylcysteine transferase is disclosed. .gamma.-Glutamylcysteine transferase catalyzes the transfer of .gamma.-glutamylcysteine or .gamma.-glutamycysteine S-derivates and is produced by extracting plant material from the families of Apocynaceae, Asciepladaceae, Berberidaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllacea, Dioscoreaceae, Fumariaceae, Graminaceae, Iridaceae, Leguminosae, Menispermaceae, Papveraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae or Violaceae, or tissue of algea (Phycophyta) or fungi (Mycophyta).

Abstract: The invention relates to phenylethyl o-methylcinnamate and a process for its preparation. Phenylethyl o-methylcinnamate is prepared by, first, alkylating ethyl acetoacetate with o-methylbenzyl chloride in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to yield 2-(o-methylbenzyl)-acetoacetate. Thereafter the 2-(o-methylbenzyl)-acetoacetate yielded in the alkylating step is halogenated to yield ethyl 2-halo-2-(o-methylbenzyl)-acetoacetate. This is followed by degarding the ethyl 2-halo-2-(o-methylbenzyl)-acetoacetate acid. Finally the o-methylcinnamic acid obtained in the degarding step is esterified with 2-phenylethanol into phenylethyl o-methylcinnamate. A fragrance composition utilizing phenylethyl o-methylcinnamate is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the solubilization, by means of ion exchanger resins, of otherwise insoluble protein expressed by cultivated cells.

Abstract: A process for producing cis-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid, which process is preferably based on technical 2-methyl-2-butene nitrile and leads to pure products preferably without costly rectification. The technical nitrile is hydrolyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid at temperatures of up to 130.degree. C. and, following dilution of the sulfuric acid to about 50%, at temperatures of up to 130.degree. C. It is treated by distilling and fractional crystallization.

Abstract: The invention relates to Aureobasidium pullulans strains which produce pullulan but virtually no melanin. A process for the preparation of these strains, and a preferred use, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing shaped heat-insulating bodies based on water-insoluble oxidic metal compounds particularly of the elements silicon and aluminum, clouding agents and other additives, whereby the bodies are thermally hardened and have a heat conductivity of 0.02 to 0.1 W/K.m at temperatures of approximately 300.degree. to 500.degree. C. and are comprised of (a) 100 parts by weight of water-insoluble oxidic metal compounds having a BET-surface of 10 to 700 m.sup.2 /g, with the provision that at least 5% by weight of these compounds have a BET-surface of at least 50m.sup.2 /g; (b) 0 to 100 parts by weight of mineral clouding agents having at least one absorption maximum in the wave length range of 1.5 to 10 .mu.m; and (c) 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of elements capable of forming a solid oxide having a standard formation enthalpy of less than minus 900 kJ/Mol. In addition, 0-100 parts by weight of mineral fibers can be added.

Abstract: 2-Methyl-3-(3-methylphenyl)-propan-1-ol, 2-methyl-3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-propan-1-ol, 1-(3-methylphenyl)-2-methylbutan-3-ol and 1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylbutan-3-ol, their preparation and use as fragrances.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formulae ##STR1## in which R may be a methyl or ethyl radical and R.sup.1 may be a hydrogen, methyl or ethyl radical are disclosed. Also provided as part of the present invention are processes for the preparation of the above compounds. The compounds of the invention are useful as scents.

Abstract: The invention relates to dimethylsilyl-substituted benzoyl chlorides and a process for preparing the same, which comprises reacting a dihaloaromatic compound with dimethylchlorosilane and magnesium by the Grignard method to form halophenyldimethylsilanes, then reacting the halophenyldimethylsilanes with magnesium in the presence of carbon dioxide to form the corresponding dimethylsilyl-substituted benzoic acids, and thereafter reacting the dimethylsilyl-substituted benzoic acids with a halogenating agent, such as thionyl chloride, to form dimethylsilyl-substituted benzoyl chlorides.

Abstract: Disclosed are peptides which have the following amino acid sequence:(.gamma.-Glu-Cys).sub.n -.beta.-Alan being an integer from 2 to 11;.gamma.-Glu represents .gamma.-glutamic acid;Cys represents cysteine; and.beta.-Ala represents .beta.-alanine.A process for the preparation of these peptides is disclosed as well as processes for their use for the maintenance of hemeostasis in physiological systems, the diagnosis of tumors, and the removal of heavy metals from a chemical or physiological system which has been contaminated with heavy metal.

Abstract: The invention discloses compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which R represents a methyl radical or a methoxy radical when R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom; orR represents a methyl radical when R.sup.1 is a methyl radical.The compounds of the invention are useful as fragrances.