Abstract: Method for protection of a switching device controlled by a control unit, through which an electric drive can be disengaged during the period of an overvoltage surge caused by a load dump in the electrical system of a vehicle, in which the drive current rises to a maximum value in a first slot within the duration of the overvoltage surge and drops in the second slot connected to the first time slot, with the following process steps: recognition of a load dump by recording a limit voltage value in the electrical system by the control unit, disengagement of the electric drive in the event of a load dump at a switching time stipulated by the control unit, which lies after the first time slot.

Abstract: A magnetic rotational angle transducer has at least one Hall sensor (14) rotatable in a magnetic field of a given configuration relative to and offset from the rotational axis (16). To enable linearization of the output signal without additional signal processing over a large range of rotational angles, it is proposed that the Hall sensor is aligned radially and axially to the rotational axis (16) and lies in a central position parallel to the field lines of the magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field is created by at least one permanent magnet (18) in circular segment form around the rotation axis and the Hall sensor (14) is offset from the rotational axis (16) towards the permanent magnet (18) in circular segment form.

Abstract: A support element for an electronic control device includes receivers for peripheral electronic components and at least one path region for guiding electrical connections. The electrical connections lead to an integrated standardized interface for connection to central control electronics.

Abstract: A waste gate actuator for an exhaust gas turbocharger, including an actuator housing and an actuator cover, an element for actuating the waste gate valve and electronic components for controlling the element to actuate the waste gate valve being arranged in the waste gate actuator. Provided is a simple and inexpensive revolution counting system on the turbocharger which allows the number of revolutions of the rotating parts (turbine wheel, compressor wheel, turboshaft) to be detected without substantial constructional alterations to the design of existing turbochargers. A sensor for detecting the variations in a magnetic field that are produced by the rotation of the rotating parts is arranged in or on the actuator housing or in or on the actuator cover.

Abstract: In a method for correcting the fuel concentration in a regeneration gas flow of a tank venting device, the fuel concentration is determined, and a defined regeneration gas flow rate is set and supplied to the engine to use the regeneration gas in the combustion process. Then, a reference composition is determined and the flow rate is varied. Then, a first injection amount correction value is determined based on the fuel concentration and the flow rate adjustment amount. A pre-specified quantity of fuel is corrected by the first correction value and the exhaust gas composition is determined again after the corrected fuel quantity has been supplied. A second correction value is determined by which the corrected fuel quantity is further corrected to set the exhaust gas composition to the reference composition. The fuel concentration of the regeneration gas flow is corrected by the first and the second correction values.

Abstract: In a method for determining an uncontrolled acceleration of an internal combustion engine, a valve opening cross section is allocated to each load state of the internal combustion engine. In the event that a controller value is outside a limit range, an uncontrolled acceleration of the internal combustion engine is thereby detected.

Abstract: A card reading device for vehicles having a base plate, a sliding plate part, and a spring part. The base plate has a vaulted groove, an opening surface located at one end, and an annular groove provided on the base surface of said vaulted groove. The sliding plate part is provided above the vaulted groove of the base plate, A bulging structure, contacts an inserted card and drives the sliding plate part in a direction vertical to the opening phase and facing away from the opening surface. A sliding part is provided on the side of the sliding plate part pointing toward the vaulted roof of the base plate. The sliding part slides in the direction parallel to the opening surface and is guided by the annular groove and restricted in the positioning thereof. The spring element and the base plate and the sliding plate part have contact with one another, and force is applied to the directed vertically to the opening surface. Fixing of the card and also easy removal are made possible.

Abstract: In known methods for carrying out a high-pressure start of an internal combustion engine, inconvenient starting behavior can sometimes occur. In a method for carrying out a high-pressure start of an internal combustion engine (1), a high-pressure pump (22) is used to feed fuel from a fuel tank (17) to a pressure accumulator (20) and a pressure adjuster (23) is used to control the pressure in the pressure accumulator (20), wherein the high-pressure pump (22) is operated before carrying out a fuel injection into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (1), and the pressure adjuster (23) is activated in such a way that, during the operation of the high-pressure pump (22), the pressure build-up in the pressure accumulator (20) above a pressure limit value pTHRES, upon the exceedance of which the fuel injection is enabled, is delayed.

Abstract: In the calibration of a lambda sensor (26), inaccuracies occur during a fuel cut-off overrun phase depending on the temperature. A method is proposed for correcting an output signal of a lambda sensor (16) of an internal combustion engine (1), having the following steps: detection of a fuel cut-off overrun phase of the internal combustion engine (1), sensing of an exhaust-gas composition by the lambda sensor (16) during the fuel cut-off overrun phase, sensing of a temperature which represents a measure of the intake air of the internal combustion engine (1), calibration of the lambda sensor (16) based on the second temperature.

Abstract: In a method and a device for determining an operating characteristic of an injection system, to determine an operating characteristic (30) of an internal combustion engine (1) that is charged by a turbocharger (4), the method has the following steps: A) carrying out a pilot injection of fuel into a cylinder (51, 52, 53, 54) of the internal combustion engine using the injection system (30); B) determining an operating parameter of the turbocharger (40); C) determining an operating characteristic of the injection system (30) using the operating parameter of the turbocharger (40) previously determined.

Abstract: A robust method, an accordingly designed control device, and an internal combustion engine, enables the proper performance of a tank ventilation device during the operation of the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, the position of a pressure switch of the tank ventilation device is detected, which indicates the pressure present in the tank ventilation device, a controllable tank ventilation valve, which is disposed in a connecting line between a fuel vapor accumulator and an intake pipe of the internal combustion engine, is opened at least partially during the operation of the internal combustion engine, the position of the pressure switch is again detected after opening of the tank ventilation valve, the proper performance of the tank ventilation device; is analyzed based on a comparison of the position of the pressure switch before opening the tank ventilation valve to the position of the pressure switch after opening the tank ventilation valve.

Abstract: A corrugated pipe of a fuel line of a fuel supply system of a motor vehicle, with at least one flexible wavy portion having waves. The waves are a wave crest and of a wave trough. The at least one wavy portion has a region, the cross section of which has a form deviating from the circular form.

Abstract: A combination instrument has a disk that is transparent for light in the visible range and that has a dial region and an indicator region. It further has a dial imprint, which is applied to the back of the transparent disk in the dial region. In addition, a polarizing filter disk is provided, which is disposed on the back of the transparent disk aligned with the indicator region and comprises a circular polarizing filter. An optical indicator unit is provided, which is disposed in alignment with the indicator region on the back of the transparent disk and the polarizing filter disk.

Abstract: A device for connecting an electric motor intended for use in a fuel tank, in particular of a motor vehicle, with connection contacts carbon brushes sliding over an armature of a rotor, and electrical leads arranged between the connection contacts and the carbon brushes. The electrical leads have a sheath made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: With an internal combustion engine (1) there is the problem that the fuel-air mixture directed into the combustion chamber of the cylinders (2) can be substantially influenced by manufacturing tolerances and ageing of the fuel injectors and uneven distribution is thus created. The uneven distribution is individually determined for each cylinder (2) depending on the operating mode of the internal combustion engine (1) (homogenous operation, stratified operation), wherein either the exhaust gas is analyzed and a corresponding emission value is determined therefrom or that a value is individually determined for each cylinder (2) for the operational roughness of the internal combustion engine (1). These values are compared with a limit value predetermined for the internal combustion engine (1) and upon exceeding of the predetermined limit value a fault entry in a fault memory (9) is made for the cylinder (2) concerned.

Abstract: A device and a method for measuring the tread depth of a motor vehicle tire. The device includes at least one sensor element which is configured to acquire data on a change of the deformation characteristics of the motor vehicle tire in the area of the tire contact area and can be fixed in the area of the inner side of the motor vehicle tire opposite the tread; and a control and evaluation unit for evaluating and processing the acquired data. The unit is data-connected to the at least one sensor element.

Abstract: A control unit for controlling an electromotive drive unit has a housing (16), which can be connected to the drive unit by a mechanical interface device, and a plug-in device (17) provided on the housing, for plugging in a cable (20) that is guided to the hosing from the outside, wherein contact pins (6) of the plug-in device are arranged in at least one slot (18) of the plug-in device (17) and are electrically connected to conductor tracks of a circuit board (8), which is arranged on the inside of the housing. The at least one slot (18) is arranged on the side (7) of the housing (16) facing away from the drive unit and is formed by a connector collar (5), which is configured as one piece with the housing (16) and made of the same polymer material.

Abstract: A method for vehicle detection and tracking includes acquiring video data including a plurality of frames, comparing a first frame of the acquired video data against a set of one or more vehicle detectors to form vehicle hypotheses, pruning and verifying the vehicle hypotheses using a set of course-to-fine constraints to detect a vehicle, and tracking the detected vehicle within one or more subsequent frames of the acquired video data by fusing shape template matching with one or more vehicle detectors.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement (10a) for operating an injector arrangement (12a) for injecting fuel in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, in order to obtain information easily as to the degree to which each valve is open when the injector arrangement is in operation, a measuring signal (S0) is superposed on a control voltage that is supplied to an actuator (Cpiezo, Rpiezo) and, based on an evaluation of the electrical properties of the actuator (Cpiezo, Rpiezo), a detection signal (S2) is produced that is representative of the position of the valve body (44a) relative to the valve seat (46a).

Abstract: An association unit is designed to determine cylinder-individual lambda signals on the basis of a lambda probe signal and to determine lambda deviation signals for the respective cylinders based on the lambda signals in relation to an averaged lambda signal. Furthermore, an observer has a sensor model of the lambda probe that is arranged in a feedback branch. The lambda deviation signals are fed to the input side and observer output quantities in relation to the respective cylinder are representative of the injection characteristics deviations from predetermined injection characteristics. A parameter detection unit impresses a predetermined interference pattern from cylinder-individual mixture deviations. It further changes at least one sensor model parameter as a detection parameter in response to the respectively predetermined interference pattern for as long as the observer output quantities represent the portion of the interference pattern associated with the cylinders thereof in a predetermined manner.