Abstract: A process for extracting a botanical organic compound from cannabis with subcritical liquid carbon dioxide includes providing a pressurizable extraction vessel. The cannabis is placed within the pressurizable extraction vessel, whereupon the extraction vessel is filled with liquid carbon dioxide under subcritical conditions. The cannabis is then allowed to be in contact with the subcritical liquid carbon dioxide for a selected period of time so as to extract at least a portion of the botanical organic compounds from the cannabis into the subcritical liquid carbon dioxide. The subcritical liquid carbon dioxide containing the botanical organic compound is then removed from the extraction vessel, and the liquid carbon dioxide is separated from the botanical organic compound.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting cannabinoids from plant materials. The process comprises providing a pressurizable extraction vessel having a rotatable drum with baffles, along with providing a solvent permeable filter bag. The plant material is placed within the filter bag, and the filter bag containing the plant material is placed within the extraction vessel. The extraction vessel is then filled with subcritical liquid carbon dioxide and rotated to so that the plant material is in contact with the liquid carbon dioxide. After a selected period of time, the liquid carbon dioxide solvent containing the cannabinoid extracted from the plant material is removed from the vessel, and sent to a separator. The separator separates the cannabinoid from the liquid carbon dioxide solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting cannabinoids from plant materials. The process comprises providing a pressurizable extraction vessel having a rotatable drum with baffles, along with providing a solvent permeable filter bag. The plant material is placed within the filter bag, and the filter bag containing the plant material is placed within the extraction vessel. The extraction vessel is then filled with subcritical liquid carbon dioxide and rotated to so that the plant material is in contact with the liquid carbon dioxide. After a selected period of time, the liquid carbon dioxide solvent containing the cannabinoid extracted from the plant material is removed from the vessel, and sent to a separator. The separator separates the cannabinoid from the liquid carbon dioxide solvent.

Abstract: A method of forming a machining spray for treating a surface of a substrate during a machining process includes providing a first component containing solid carbon dioxide particles. A second provided component is derived from an inert gas having a temperature range from 305 K to about 477 K prior to being mixed with the solid carbon dioxide particles. The first component and the second component are combined to form the cryogenic fluid composition prior to contacting the substrate. An optional additive may be mixed with the solid carbon dioxide particles or the inert gas. The cryogenic fluid composition exhibits synergistically enhanced physicochemical properties of each component not observed prior to the combination thereof, wherein the fluid imparts enhanced cooling, heating or lubrication effects.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for mixing within a rotary union of a computer numerical control machine a constant pressure gas with a relatively higher-pressure, lower-temperature dense fluid to produce a dense isobaric fluid deliverable through a rotating tool without gelling or solidifying therein. The constant pressure gas may include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air or mixtures thereof. The dense fluid preferably includes liquid carbon dioxide at or above its triple point. The liquid carbon dioxide and isobaric gas are independently fed to the rotary union. When mixed, a pressurized flowing carbon dioxide machining fluid composition is formed exhibiting a temperature between about 20° F. and 70° F. at pressures between 75 psi and 1,000 psi.

Abstract: A method of forming and delivering a carbonated machining fluid to be used in a machining process, the machining process including a tool contacting a substrate, comprises supplying a pressure vessel with a non-carbonated machining fluid and non-supercritical carbon dioxide. The machining fluid and carbon dioxide are allowed to admix such that at least a portion of the carbon dioxide dissolves into the machining fluid to form the carbonated machining fluid. The carbonated machining fluid is then delivered under pressure from the vessel to an applicator and applied to the tool or the substrate to impart cooling and lubricating effects.

Abstract: A method of forming a machining spray for treating a surface of a substrate during a machining process includes providing a first component containing solid carbon dioxide particles. A second provided component is derived from an inert gas having a temperature range from 305 K to about 477 K prior to being mixed with the solid carbon dioxide particles. The first component and the second component are combined to form the cryogenic fluid composition prior to contacting the substrate. An optional additive may be mixed with the solid carbon dioxide particles or the inert gas. The cryogenic fluid composition exhibits synergistically enhanced physicochemical properties of each component not observed prior to the combination thereof, wherein the fluid imparts enhanced cooling, heating or lubrication effects.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from synthetic resin material includes contacting a particulate synthetic resin material containing at least one contaminant with a solvent other than carbon dioxide. At least a portion of the contaminant is removed from the particulate synthetic resin material and becomes dispersed in the solvent. The solvent, with the contaminant dispersed therein, is then removed from the particulate synthetic resin material. Thereafter, at least a portion of the solvent still contained on the synthetic resin material is removed by contacting the particulate synthetic resin material with liquid carbon dioxide to dissolve the solvent into the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from synthetic resin material includes contacting a particulate synthetic resin material containing at least one contaminant with a solvent other than carbon dioxide. At least a portion of the contaminant is removed from the particulate synthetic resin material and becomes dispersed in the solvent. The solvent, with the contaminant dispersed therein, is then removed from the particulate synthetic resin material. Thereafter, at least a portion of the solvent still contained on the synthetic resin material is removed by contacting the particulate synthetic resin material with liquid carbon dioxide to dissolve the solvent into the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Gases are vented from a waste site such as a landfill, and the gases are separated into at least three streams comprising a hydrocarbon stream, a carbon dioxide stream, and residue stream. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream and hydrocarbon stream are liquefied or converted to a supercritical liquid. At least some of the carbon dioxide gas stream (as a liquid or supercritical fluid) is used in a cleaning step, preferably a polymer cleaning step, and more preferably a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling process, and most preferably in a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling system where the cleaning is performed on-site at the waste site.

Abstract: The present invention includes a nozzle device and method for forming a composite fluid. The nozzle device generally comprises a nozzle portion connected to a main body. The main body includes an inner axial bore extending therethrough. An annular wall extends radially therefore and an annulus extends from an outer perimeter of the annular wall. The annulus and the annular wall define an annular chamber at least partially open to the atmosphere. A portal fluidly communicates the bore with the annular chamber. The nozzle portion includes a converging nose section also having an internal axial bore extending therethrough. An annular collar extends from the nose section and disposes at least partially within the annular chamber. A first tube for transporting a first fluid disposes within the axial bore of the main body and nose section, terminating at an exit port of the nozzle section.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide snow apparatus of the present invention includes a carbon dioxide snow generation system and a propellant generation system connected to a common carbon dioxide gas source. The carbon dioxide snow generation system includes a condenser having a at least two connected segments, wherein a first segment has a lesser diameter than the a second segment to provide a stepped expansion cavity for cooling and condensing liquid carbon dioxide into solid carbon dioxide snow. Several snow generation systems, each separately controllable with separate condensers, may be integrated with the propellant generation system and common carbon dioxide source to provide for a multiplicity of carbon dioxide snow applicators for integration into both manual and automated machining processes.

Abstract: The present invention includes a nozzle device and method for forming a composite fluid. The nozzle device generally comprises a nozzle portion connected to a main body. The main body includes an inner axial bore extending therethrough. An annular wall extends radially therefore and an annulus extends from an outer perimeter of the annular wall. The annulus and the annular wall define an annular chamber at least partially open to the atmosphere. A portal fluidly communicates the bore with the annular chamber. The nozzle portion includes a converging nose section also having an internal axial bore extending therethrough. An annular collar extends from the nose section and disposes at least partially within the annular chamber. A first tube for transporting a first fluid disposes within the axial bore of the main body and nose section, terminating at an exit port of the nozzle section.

Abstract: A cryogenic fluid composition, and method of forming same, having hyperbaric, lubricating and cooling properties includes selectivity combining a solid phase carbon dioxide, an inert diluent gas and additives in various proportions. The cryogenic machining fluid can be derived by combining a solid carbon dioxide coolant, which may contain or entrain one or more machining lubricant additives, and a diluent phase which is an inert and relatively non-condensing gas phase in various concentrations. The cryogenic fluid composition can be used in cleaning, machining or manufacturing processes to cool, lubricate or ablate a substrate. The cryogenic fluid composition can also be used in conjunction with laser treatment or machining processes without adversely affecting lasing qualities of the laser.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a substrate with a cryogenic impingement fluid includes a protective enclosure defining an internal cavity, a cryogenic fluid applicator positioned within the internal cavity and a snow generation system connected to the cryogenic fluid applicator. The snow generation system includes a condensing subsystem and a diluent or propellant gas subsystem. Each subsystem is connectable to a common gas source. The condensing subsystem includes a condenser for condensing liquid carbon dioxide into solid carbon dioxide particles, or dry ice snow. The condenser includes at least two segments of differing diameter connected to one another. Liquid carbon dioxide is introduced into the smaller diameter first segment and upon entering the larger diameter second segment, solidifies into dry ice particles. The dry ice particles, along with diluent or propellant gas produced from the diluent subsystem, are delivered to the cryogenic fluid applicator via a coaxial delivery tube.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide snow apparatus of the present invention includes a carbon dioxide snow generation system and a propellant generation system connected to a common carbon dioxide gas source. The carbon dioxide snow generation system includes a condenser having a at least two connected segments, wherein a first segment has a lesser diameter than the a second segment to provide a stepped expansion cavity for cooling and condensing liquid carbon dioxide into solid carbon dioxide snow. Several snow generation systems, each separately controllable with separate condensers, may be integrated with the propellant generation system and common carbon dioxide source to provide for a multiplicity of carbon dioxide snow applicators for integration into both manual and automated machining processes.

Abstract: A device of the present invention for applying a cryogenic composition includes a machining tool or tool holder having a channel positioned therethrough and a capillary tube positioned within the channel. A dense cryogenic fluid is passed through the capillary tube while a diluent or propellant fluid is passed through the channel. The diluent or propellant fluid flows within the channel and about the capillary tube. Upon exiting the capillary tube, the dense fluid admixes with the diluent or propellant fluid to form a cryogenic composite fluid or spray. The cryogenic composite fluid or spray is selectively directed onto a substrate for cooling or lubrication purposes, or onto the machining tool for cooling purposes.

Abstract: Gases are vented from a waste site such as a landfill, and the gases are separated into at least three streams comprising a hydrocarbon stream, a carbon dioxide stream, and residue stream. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream and hydrocarbon stream are liquefied or converted to a supercritical liquid. At least some of the carbon dioxide gas stream (as a liquid or supercritical fluid) is used in a cleaning step, preferably a polymer cleaning step, and more preferably a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling process, and most preferably in a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling system where the cleaning is performed on-site at the waste site.

Abstract: Gases are vented from a waste site such as a landfill, and the gases are separated into at least three streams comprising a hydrocarbon stream, a carbon dioxide stream, and residue stream. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream and hydrocarbon stream are liquefied or converted to a supercritical liquid. At least some of the carbon dioxide gas stream (as a liquid or supercritical fluid) is used in a cleaning step, preferably a polymer cleaning step, and more preferably a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling process, and most preferably in a polymer cleaning step in a polymer recycling system where the cleaning is performed on-site at the waste site.