Abstract: A gas injection apparatus for injecting a quench gas. The gas injection apparatus provides a means for injecting a quench gas into a hot gas contained in a vessel having an inner liner. The apparatus is designed such that the independent thermal expansions and contractions of the inner liner do not create excess thermal stresses on an expansible supply duct. The expansible supply duct provides the means for transferring the gas from outside the vessel into the gas stream. A plenum assembly, creating an interface between the expansible supply duct and the inner liner is sealably attached to the inner liner allowing perpendicular injection of the quench gas while maintaining the liner's integrity.

Abstract: A waterwall for a twin tower gasification system wherein the two towers are fluidically connected intermediate their ends. The waterwall comprises a plurality of tubes, a portion of which extend from the first tower to the second tower and define a cylinder. The portion of the tubes extending between the towers are twisted into a helix such that the portion of the tubes that define the lower portion of the cylinder at the first tower, define the upper portion of the cylinder at the second tower.

Abstract: A self-cleaning liner for high pressure boilers. The self-cleaning liner comprising a tubular liner and a sprayhead assembly. To minimize thermal shock, the sprayhead assembly protrudes into a cavity created by the formation of a bump in the tubular liner, shielding the sprayhead assembly from high temperatures. The sprayhead assembly may also incorporate a thermal sleeve to decrease thermal shock caused by the temperature difference between the sprayhead assembly and the cleaning medium.