Abstract: A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree (34) in which a tubing hanger (54) is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger (21) for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for improved sealing across an annular space between facing sealing surfaces. Methods for mechanically setting and pressure energizing sealing ring assemblies are also described. In one aspect, several sealing ring assemblies are described, each of which include an outer seal body formed of elastically deformable metal and having an annular base with a pair of legs extending from the base to form a channel. A plurality of predominately non-deformable segments are positioned between the legs. The use of segments substantially reduces detrimental hoop stress which would hinder effective setting of a seal between the inner and outer members. In preferred embodiments, the legs and the segments each present raised portions which are offset from each other. The offset arrangement of the raised portions permit the ring assembly to be mechanically set by radial spring loading through elastic deformation of portions of the seal body.

Abstract: A wellhead assembly in which an in-line tree (10) is landed within a wellhead housing (3). The in-line tree has a vertical production through bore (11), two hydraulically or electrically controllably in-line valves (13A, 13B) in the vertical production bore, and a lateral bore (16) leading from the vertical production through bore. A horizontal tree (20) having a vertical through bore (23) is landed on the wellhead housing (3) so that the in-line tree (20) is within the vertical bore. The horizontal tree has a lateral bore (24) which is aligned with the lateral bore (16) of the in-line tree. The in-line tree (10) can be run in and retrieved through the horizonal tree (20). Alternatively the horizontal tree (20) can be removed from the wellhead housing (3) without a BOP if the in-line valves (13A, 13B) are closed.

Abstract: An emergency recovery system designed for use in a subsea environment is disclosed. The emergency recovery system has a casing that is open at each end with a shackle connected to one end of the casing with the opposite end of the shackle designed for connection to appropriate points on the main stack and lower marine riser package in any orientation. A flexible sling with a closed loop formed at each end is used with one of the closed loops releasably connected to the shackle and the end of the casing. The other end of the sling has a flotation member attached to the sling adjacent the closed loop. The sling is fan folded as it is lowered into the casing. The flotation member is shaped to fit inside the other end of the casing with the closed end loop of the sling protruding from the casing. A split retaining ring is placed around the sling between the flotation member and the closed loop and inserted in the open end of the casing.

Abstract: A wellhead structure having a subsea wellhead (10) connected to the lower end of a collet connector (30). A blowout preventer stack (8) is connected to the upper end of the collet connector (30) and a marine riser (13) is connected to the upper end of the blowout preventer stack (8). The wellhead (10) has an outer wellhead housing (12) fixed to the seabed (B) and an inner wellhead housing (14) supported within the outer wellhead housing (12). Upper hub (16) of outer wellhead housing (12) has an outer profile for mating in a releasably locked position with the collet connector (30). External tensile and bending loads are transmitted directly from the marine riser (13) and blowout preventer stack (8) to the outer wellhead housing (12) along load path L2 bypassing inner wellhead housing (14). One embodiment (FIGS. 5 and 6) shows an inner wellhead housing (14B) extending above the outer wellhead housing (12B) and adapted for separate connection to a small connector (30C) shown in FIG.

Abstract: A variable bore ram packer designed for use in a standard ram-type blowout preventer used in oil and gas drilling operations is disclosed. The variable bore ram packer includes top and bottom second plates having a central semi-circular opening which is sized to fit closely about the largest diameter pipe the variable bore ram packer will seal against. Anti-extrusion plates having a smaller central arcuate opening sized to fit closely the smallest diameter pipe the variable bore ram packer will seal are attached to the underside of the top plate by guide screws. The guide screws extend through slots in the top plates which control the motion of the guide screws and hence the anti-extrusion plates as the anti-extrusion plates move and seat against different diameter tubular members.

Abstract: A blowout preventer ram automatic locking apparatus for use in a ram-type blowout preventer used in oil and gas drilling operations is disclosed. The blowout preventer has a body with an axial bore, a pair of opposing bonnet assemblies and a pair of opposing rams laterally moveable within the bonnet assemblies by a pressurized fluid source to control flow of well fluids through the blowout preventer body axial bore. The blowout preventer ram automatic locking apparatus includes a bonnet header sealingly connected to the side of the blowout preventer body with an operating cylinder sealingly connected to the bonnet header. An operating piston is connected to the ram and moves axially within the operating cylinder in response to pressurized fluid supplied through porting in the bonnet header and end cap. A plurality of locking pistons are circumferentially spaced about the operating piston in locking piston chambers and are axially moveable in response to fluid pressure.

Abstract: A fuel supply system is provided for an internal combustion engine. The system comprises a fuel control valve metering fuel to the inlet of the engine and a governor for monitoring the output of the engine and adjusting the fuel control valve. A first fuel of low quality is fed to the inlet of the engine through a first valve regulating the supply of the first fuel. A fuel mixture controller responds to output signals from the governor and adjusts the position of a second valve for regulating the supply of a second fuel of high quality. The first and second fuels are combined in a mixture before being fed to the fuel control valve and the inlet of the engine.

Abstract: A bearing assembly comprises an outer bearing member having a cylindrical bore therethrough and a cylindrical inner bearing member extending coaxially within the bore in the outer bearing member, the inner bearing member having a cylindrical bore therethrough for accepting a rotating shaft. A first conduit is provided for supplying fluid to the bore in the outer bearing member to form a hydrostatic bearing between the inner bearing member and the outer bearing member, the first conduit comprising a passageway through the inner bearing member having four openings into the bore in the outer bearing member, the openings being arranged into pairs, the openings in each pair being in opposing regions of the bore.

Abstract: A tubular joint has a pair of tubular members (10, 12) with end hubs (14, 16) in opposed relation and secured by a clamp (22). A primary seal ring (40) has external tapered sealing surfaces (42, 44) engaging internal tapered sealing surfaces (28, 30) on the hubs (14, 16) to provide a primary seal. Secondary sealing surfaces (32, 36) on the hubs (14, 16) are engaged by O-rings (62, 64) as shown in FIG. 4 to seal against external fluid flow to the seal ring (40). O-rings (62, 64) permit internal fluid flow outwardly from the seal ring (40) as shown in FIG. 3.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine assembly comprises an internal combustion engine and an exhaust assembly connected to an exhaust outlet of the engine. The exhaust assembly comprises: an exhaust pipe having an inlet end connected to the exhaust outlet of the engine and an outlet end; a generally cylindrical muffler having a central longitudinal axis, the muffler having an inlet end and an outlet end; and a muffler support having a pivot; the muffler having an operating position, in which operating position the said axis of the muffler is substantially vertical and the inlet end of the muffler is in gas flow communication with the outlet end of the exhaust pipe, and a storage position, in which the said axis of the muffler is substantially horizontal. The muffler is connected to and arcuately movable about the pivot of the muffler support between the operating position and the storage position.

Abstract: The shearing gate valve includes a gate reciprocably mounted between opposing seat rings. The gate has an opening which aligns with bores in the mating seat rings. The opening in the gate and the bores of the seat rings each have a cutting recess. The cutting recess in each mouth of the opening of the gate is formed by a counterbore which is filled with a weld overlay material that bonds with the material of the gate. A layer of hard facing material covers the sides of the gate and also extends over the bond formed between the gate and weld overlay material but does not completely cover the weld overlay material thus forming the cutting recess. The cutting recess has a depth equal to the thickness of the hard facing material. The weld overlay material is hard so as to prevent the formation of an upset which will score or gall the sealing surfaces between the gate and seat rings.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine can include a fuel molecular weight sensor to determine an actual and a desired Excess Air Ratio for an air/fuel mixture supplied to the engine. To prevent engine overload, the control system limits the amount of fuel delivered to the engine based on the amount of air available to the engine. High pressure exhaust gas can drive an air compressor which pressurizes inlet air. A exhaust bypass valve controls the amount of power delivered to the compressor, and the pressure and amount of inlet air delivered to the engine. Independent control of the main fuel flow and pilot fuel flow allows the control system to maintain a desired air/fuel ratio in the main combustion chamber and in the precombustion chamber.

Abstract: The sealing system seals a moving element in a valve. The sealing system includes an internal seal between the valve body and moving element proximate the lading and an external seal between the valve body and moving element proximate the free end of the moving element. A space for sealant is formed around the moving element between the internal and external seals. A load member is provided for pressurizing the sealant within the space to a pressure greater than the fluid pressure of the lading in the valve body cavity and the ambient pressure around the exterior of the valve. An indicator member is provided for detecting any leakage of the sealant past either the internal or external seals.

Abstract: An actuator for a ram-type blowout preventer used either with a shear ram blowout preventer or a pipe ram blowout preventer. The actuator includes a pressure-responsive cylinder having an operating piston disposed therewithin. The piston includes a shaft for transmitting relative motion to the ram in the blowout preventer. A reversible annular member is disposed around the periphery of the piston to provide a variable pressure force in a shear ram blowout preventer and to limit the stroke of the piston in a pipe ram blowout preventer. The annular member includes a pair of annular flanges extending radially inward to form a channel therebetween. The channel receives the periphery of the piston which is moveable within the channel between the flanges. In a shear ram blowout preventer, the annular member increases the annular pressure area of the piston during the shearing stroke to increase the pressure force on the rams and their seals during the shearing of the pipe.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine can include a fuel molecular weight sensor to determine an actual and a desired Excess Air Ratio for an air/fuel mixture supplied to the engine. To prevent engine overload, the control system limits the amount of fuel delivered to the engine based on the amount of air available to the engine. High pressure exhaust gas can drive an air compressor which pressurizes inlet air. A exhaust bypass valve controls the amount of power delivered to the compressor, and the pressure and amount of inlet air delivered to the engine. Independent control of the main fuel flow and pilot fuel flow allows the control system to maintain a desired air/fuel ratio in the main combustion chamber and in the precombustion chamber.

Abstract: A floating interturbine duct assembly for a high temperature power turbine, including means for automatically adjusting to accept thermal expansion movement between dissimilar materials.

Abstract: The sealing system seals a moving element in a valve. The sealing system includes an internal seal between the valve body and moving element proximate the lading and an external seal between the valve body and moving element proximate the free end of the moving element. A space for sealant is formed around the moving element between the internal and external seals. A load member is provided for pressurizing the sealant within the space to a pressure greater than the fluid pressure of the lading in the valve body cavity and the ambient pressure around the exterior of the valve. An indicator member is provided for detecting any leakage of the sealant past either the internal or external seals.

Abstract: A ram-type blowout preventer (10) has a front packing arrangement (24) with a packer assembly (28) therein. Packer assembly (28) includes an elastomeric packer member (30) and a recess (46) defined between plates (32) and (34) adjacent elastomeric packer member (30). A replaceable wear insert (60) insertable within recess (46) has projections (74) on opposed parallel sides (66, 68) of insert (60). Projections (74) include a pair of wedge-shaped projecting portions (76, 78) which press into and deform the adjacent contacting sides (48, 50) of elastomeric packer member (30) for retaining insert (60) in position within recess (46) without any separate preformed receptacles or grooves formed in elastomeric packer member (30).