Abstract: The invention provides for a method for the preparation of a gluconic acid from glucose. It is an aspect of the invention to provide a method that comprises the use of enzymes. The method according to the invention can be applied with great benefit to the production of calcium gluconate suitable for use as a food fortifier by a process that is economical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for expressing a desired protein or polypeptide in a plant, in which the protein or polypeptide is expressed as a fusion with at least one starch binding domain. The plant is preferably a plant that contains or produces starch or starch granules in at least one of its parts, such as potato, sweet potato, cassava, pea, taro, sago, yam, banana and/or cereals such as rice, maize, wheat and barley. The protein or polypeptide can be an enzyme, in particular an enzyme that can convert, modify, alter, degrade or otherwise influence starch (granules); or can be a receptor or a structural protein. The invention further relates to the fusions thus obtained, to genetic constructs that encode the above fusions and to plants transformed with said constructs. The method of the invention can in particular be used to provide modified starches and/or to provide complexes of starch (granules) and the above fusions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gelling agent for production of a reversible gel. The gelling agent is a degraded root or tuber starch comprising at least 95 wt. % of amylopectin, based on dry substance of the starch. The gelling agent according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in food products.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of modified starch obtainable by treating amylose containing starch in aqueous medium with an enzyme from the group of the ?-1,4-?-1,4-glucosyl transferases (EC 2.4.1.25) or an enzyme the activity of which corresponds to that of enzymes from the group just mentioned, as an agent for forming a thermoreversible gel. The invention also relates to products in the form of a thermoreversible gel having as gel-forming substance a modified starch as defined. The invention further relates to the use of a modified starch as defined in the form of an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to matrix-forming amylose products for programmed release systems and a process for the preparation thereof. These amylose products have a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 5 to 10, a content of long-chain amylose of 20 to 40 wt. % on dry substance, a content of short-chain amylose of 40 to 80 wt. % on dry substance and a specific surface area of 0.4 to less than 1.0 m2/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to the separation and of components from vegetable raw materials. The invention provides a method for separating components from vegetable material which has at least leaf and/or stem parts, characterized in that the material is at least partly fiberized and subsequently is separated into a fiber fraction and a juice stream, such that the fiber fraction principally has relatively firm tissues such as epidermis, sclerenchyma and vascular bundles, and the juice stream principally contains soft tissues such as parenchyma and cytosol. In preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for separating a juice stream which has in particular chloroplasts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of starch, wherein a root or tuber starch comprising at least 95 wt. % of amylopectin, based on dry substance of the starch, is treated with an oxidizing agent and the resulting product is subjected to an alkaline treatment, said treatment comprising keeping the product for at least 15 minutes at a temperature of 20-50° C. and a pH higher than 10. The invention further relates to an oxidized starch obtainable by said process and to various applications of said oxidized starch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making paper and to the use of starch in said process. In particular, the invention relates to a process for making paper, wherein in the wet-end a cross-linked starch is added to an aqueous suspension of cellulose-based fibers, which starch has a degree of cross-linking of, measured as a FANN viscosity at 300 rpm, of less than 50 mPas, and a FANN-A value of less than 2.5.

Abstract: A method for separating cytosolic and parenchyma components from vegetable material comprising fiberizing the vegetable material by means of a pulp or paper mill refiner is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a starch dextrin wherein a starch comprising at least 95 wt. %, based on dry substance of the starch, of amylopectin or a derivative of said starch is dextrinized. The invention further relates to a dextrin obtainable by said process and to the use thereof as an adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making paper wherein an anionic starch, which is based on a starch comprising at least 95 wt. %, based on dry substance of the starch, of amylopectin, or a derivative of said starch, is used in combination with a fixative as a strengthening agent.

Abstract: A potato plant which has a genome containing, as a result of genetic engineering, at least one gene construct containing a potato granule-bound starch synthase (PGBSS) cDNA or genomic DNA sequence in reverse or functional orientation in an expression cassette which is functional in potato plants, the gene construct giving rise to tubers containing essentially amylose-free starch. In one embodiment, the gene construct contains a PGBSS cDNA sequence in reverse orientation which results in the production of PGBSS antisense RNA.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adhesive composition comprising a derivative of a starch, which comprises at least 95 wt. % of amylopectin, based on dry substance of the starch, wherein the derivative is obtainable by cross-linking, etherification, esterification or a combination thereof, of the starch. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the adhesive composition and to the use thereof for adhering wallpaper or billposter to a substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to the dehairing (depilating) of animal pelts, hides or skins, more specifically to depilatory paint and depilatory paint (depilation paint) thickener used in the depilation process in for example fellmongeries. The invention provides a depilatory paint thickener comprising a starch containing essentially only amylopectin molecules. Such thickener, is among other things, easily soluble in cold water; improves diffusion of chemicals (like sulfide or lime) throughout the skin; improves viscosity or resistance to shear of a paint, whereby less starch is needed to exert a similar effect; and increases the suspendability of a lime, allowing less time to be used which creates environmental advantages in waste disposal.

Abstract: The invention relates to starch used in the baking-industry. Creams, (fruit-) fillings, toppings, glazes and other bakery products are often thickened by the inclusion of a certain amount of starch as binder, filling or thickening agent, for example providing gel-strength, viscosity, glaze, texture or creaminess to the cream or filling. Commonly used starches have insufficient stability to for example heat applied during baking. The invention provides a starch-containing filling or topping for a bakery product wherein said starch comprises a tuber or root starch containing less than about 5% amylose and use of such a filling or topping for improving a bakery product. Furthermore, the invention provides a heat-stable starch and bakery products comprising a heat-stable starch.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of modified starch obtainable by treating amylose containing starch in aqueous medium with an enzyme from the group of the &agr;-1,4-&agr;-1,4-glucosyl transferases (EC 2.4.1.25) or an enzyme the activity of which corresponds to that of enzymes from the group just mentioned, as an agent for forming a thermoreversible gel. The invention also relates to products in the form of a thermoreversible gel having as gel-forming substance a modified starch as defined. The invention further relates to the use of a modified starch as defined in the form of an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to matrix-forming amylose products for programmed release systems and a process for the preparation thereof. These amylose products have a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 5 to 10, a content of long-chain amylose of 20 to 40 wt. % on dry substance, a content of short-chain amylose of 40 to 80 wt. % on dry substance and a specific surface area of 0.4 to less than 1.0 m2/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to matrix-forming amylose products for programmed release systems and a process for the preparation thereof. These amylose products have a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 5 to 10, a content of long-chain amylose of 20 to 40 wt. % on dry substance, a content of short-chain amylose of 40 to 80 wt. % on dry substance and a specific surface area of 0.4 to less than 1.0 m2/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing purified heat-coagulated potato protein, wherein heat-coagulated potato protein, after being separated from potato juice, is treated with one or more aqueous solutions of one or more inorganic acids, and thereafter is recovered. The treatment is preferably carried out at a pH between 1 and 5. The invention further relates to animal feed compositions which contain a prepared purified heat-coagulated potato protein as a component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reconstructive prosthesis, for instance a breast prosthesis, comprising a container of a flexible, non-absorbable material, containing a filler material, wherein the filler material is an aqueous solution of a non-retrograding cross-linked starch or starch derivative. Preferably, the starch and/or starch derivative is cross-linked.