Abstract: The torque, due to the weight of the arm, is balanced according to the angular position of the arm by a contrast spring acting perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the arm. The spring is controlled by a cam integral with the arm, is housed in a container closed by a wall acted on by the profile of the cam, and rests on a guide disk whose position relative to the container is adjusted by means of an adjusting screw to calibrate the precompression of the spring according to the minimum torque due to the weight of the arm. In another embodiment, at least one contrast spring acts parallel to the axis of rotation of the arm, and is controlled by a cam edge of a cylinder for axially moving a corresponding sleeve housing the spring.

Abstract: The torque, due to the weight of the arm, (16, 17), is balanced according to the angular position of the arm by a contrast spring (29) acting perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the arm (16, 17). The spring (29) is controlled by a cam (34, 34?) integral with the arm (16, 17), is housed in a container (32) closed by a wall (31) acted on by the profile of the cam (34, 34?), and rests on a guide disk (33) hose position relative to the container (32) is adjusted by means of an adjusting screw (43) to calibrate the precompression of the spring (29) according to the minimum torque due to the weight of the arm (16, 17). In another embodiment, at least one contrast spring (66) acts parallel to the axis of rotation of the arm (16, 17), and is controlled by a cam edge (59) of a cylinder (56) for axially moving a corresponding sleeve (62) housing the spring (66).

Abstract: The conduit (5) includes a rotary fitting (11), and two segments (18, 19) elbow-connected to each other and each having an articulated mechanism (23, 24) including a par of U-section bars (26, 27) connected to each other in the form of an articulated parallelogram by means of two articulated elements (37, 44; 44, 51). A spiral compression spring (35, 36) is housed between each pair of bars (26, 27), and is compressed between a disk (55), integral with one of the bars (26, 27), and a flange (64) is sliding along a threaded rod (62). The flange (64) is locked on the rod (62) by means of a nut (67), and the rod (62) is connected to a lever member (69) pivoting on one of the articulated elements (37, 44) so as to adjust the action of the spring (35, 36) as a function of the angular position of the relative segment (18, 19) with respect to the articulated element (37, 44).

Abstract: The conduit (5) includes a rotary fitting (11), and two segments (18, 19) elbow-connected to each other and each having an articulated mechanism (23, 24) including a pair of U-section bars (26, 27) connected to each other in the form of an articulated parallelogram by means of two articulated elements (37, 44; 44, 51). A spiral compression spring (35, 36) is housed between each pair of bars (26, 27), and is compressed between a disk (55), integral with one of the bars (26, 27), and a flange (64) sliding along a threaded rod (62). The flange (64) is locked on the rod (62) by means of a nut (67), and the rod (62) is connected to a lever member (69) pivoting on one of the articulated elements (37, 44) so as to adjust the action of the spring (35, 36) as a function of the angular position of the relative segment (18, 19) with respect to the articulated element (37, 44).

Abstract: The method includes a step of creating a flow of the mixture, a step of generating an electron discharge at a velocity such as to create a zone in which the mixture is ionised and a step of directing a series of electron beams so as to intercept the flow of the mixture whereby the peripheral electron bonds of the polluting molecules and/or cells are broken by collision with the ions formed in the mixture. The apparatus includes an ionisation cell (10) having an anode (12) and an emitting cathode (13) excited at a negative voltage of the order of 50,000 volts. The cathode (13) has a series of pointed elements for emitting electron beams (30) which intersect in a zone (11) of interception of the mixture.

Abstract: The device presents an ionization cell (14, 114) housed inside a casing (13, 113) fitted inside the exhaust conduit (6, 106) of the engine (5, 105); and the cell (14, 114) presents at least one circularly symmetrical cathode (23, 64) supplied by an electronic circuit to generate a discharge of negative ions at such a speed as to break the peripheral electron bonds of the toxic or pollutant component molecules of the exhaust gas. In an embodiment for spark-ignition combustion engines (5), the casing (13) presents two coaxial fittings (21, 22), each surrounded by a metal sponge filter (33) for storing the heat of the gas. In a further embodiment for diesel engines (105), the casing (113) presents an inverting chamber (47) for inverting the gas flow and located upstream from the ionization cell (114); and the gas is heated in the inverting chamber (47) by resistors (61) supplied by the battery.

Abstract: The hose comprises two flexible portions connected respectively to the suction unit and to the fume-conveyor element or hood, and a rectilinear portion which is articulated to the suction unit and the hood. The rectilinear portion comprises two rigid tubes between which is disposed an extensible bellows-type tube. Rigid tubes are held co-axial by a pair of rectilinear guides fixed to one of the rigid tubes and slidably engaging on a pair of fixed slides on the other rigid tube. The two rigid tubes are, finally, connected by a tension spring the action of which is braked by two friction disks disposed between the guides and the slides.

Abstract: The air in which the oil particles are suspended is drawn from the environment through an air intake (4) as a result of the vacuum created by a centrifugal aspirator (11) and then passes along a substantially vertical duct (5) in which an internal helical element (6) causes the mechanical separation of the oil particles by centrifugal action due to the rotation of the air imparted by the helix, the oil particles collecting on the wall of the duct (5) from which they drain into a collecting hopper (2), after which the air is further filtered by an additional filter (9, 10) before reaching the delivery opening (13).